Recent atmospheric lead deposition recorded in an ombrotrophic peat bog of Great Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China, from Pb and Cs dating

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead deposition patterns from industrialization in peat archive. Peat cores were collected in an ombrotrophic peat bog in the Great Hinggan Mountains in Northeast China in September 2008 and dated using ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs radiometric techniques. The mosses in both cores were examined systematically for dry bulk density, water and ash content. Lead also was measured using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). Both patterned peat profiles were preserved well without evident anthropogenic disturbance. Unsupported ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs decreased with the depth in both of the two sample cores. The ²¹⁰Pb chronologies were established using the constant rate of supply model (CRS) and are in good agreement with the ¹³⁷Cs time marker. Recent atmospheric ²¹⁰Pb flux in Great Hinggan Mountains peat bog was estimated to be 337 Bq m⁻² y⁻¹, which is consistent with published data for the region. Lead deposition rate in this region was also derived from these two peat cores and ranged from 24.6 to 55.8 mg m⁻² y⁻¹ with a range of Pb concentration of 14-262 μg g⁻¹. The Pb deposition patterns were consistent with increasing industrialization over the last 135-170 y, with a peak of production and coal burning in the last 50 y in Northeast China. This work presents a first estimation of atmospheric Pb deposition rate in peatlands in China and suggests an increasing trend of environmental pollution due to anthropogenic contaminants in the atmosphere. More attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take actions to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.     

基于协同推进生态文明建设的“多评融合”路径初探

评估是一种权力。各类"评估"实际上都代表了其主管部门的权力和利益,甚至沦为各部门争夺话语权、攫取部门利益的一道关卡。多种评价"混战",不仅评价内容重复、程序烦琐、浪费人力和资源,同时评价背后代表其主管部门的利益和权力,评价的"混战"也成为各部门维护自身利益、争夺话语权的"混战"。本文在对现有评价制度、实施情况、存在问题的剖析的基础上,基于协同推进生态文明建设的要求,提出横向上协同相关部门、纵向上协同国家和地方、政府和市场、政策规划与项目等重大决策的多评融合实施路径,最后提出了多评融合的四项政策建议。     

油气长输管道工程环境影响评价特点浅析

文章介绍了长输管道工程建设内容,重点论述长输管道工程特点以及对环境影响的特点,提出环境影响评价的重点和评价方法,并对目前该类建设项目环境影响评价中存在的问题提出改进建议。     

污泥酵制园林营养土好氧-厌氧交替法可行性分析

为研究好氧-厌氧交替法用于脱水污泥酵制园林营养土达到无害化、营养化、腐殖化(三化)目标的可行性,开展了好氧、厌氧、交替实验效果分析。结果表明:大肠菌群死亡率,酵温50℃时为80%,60℃时为95%;好氧、厌氧、交替,冬季最高酵温分别为52.5、29.5、52.2℃(夏季分别为62.5、41.8、64℃),大肠菌群达标所需时间好氧、交替均为8 d(冬)和3d(夏),厌氧28 d以上;平均碱解氮,厌氧0.859 g/kg>交替0.856 g/kg>好氧0.798 g/kg;20 d后平均有效磷,交替1.852g/kg>好氧1.692 g/kg>厌氧1.636 g/kg;20 d后平均有效钾:交替14.215 g/kg>好氧13.187 g/kg>厌氧11.945 g/kg;20d后平均腐殖质,交替10.510 g/kg>厌氧9.398 g/kg>好氧8.768 g/kg。分析可知,好氧法、交替法可使发酵污泥达到无害化,营养化、腐殖化指标交替法高于好氧法,交替法用于污泥酵制园林三化营养土可行,其控制参数需实验确定。     

减压膜蒸馏法处理石煤提钒废水

利用减压膜蒸馏设备处理石煤提钒废水,分别比较了废水经预处理前后,料液温度、流量、渗透侧真空度等操作条件对膜通量和截留率的影响。测定了不同浓缩倍数情况下膜通量的变化。实验表明,进料温度升高会使膜通量增加,温度为65℃时,热效率最高为70．1％。提高料液流量或真空度都会使膜通量增加。废水经VMD处理产出的淡水电导率均在10μS／cm以下,脱盐率可达99．98％以上。在温度为70％、流量为60L／h、真空度为0．095MPa时,石煤提钒废水经预处理后的废水膜通量为11．359kg／（m^2·h）,浓缩10倍时,膜通量仍有3．185kg／（m^2·h）。     

雅鲁藏布江异齿裂腹鱼生活史对策和种群资源利用现状

2008年8月至2009年8月在西藏雅鲁藏布江中游采集到异齿裂腹鱼（Schizothorax oconnori）1 126尾,对其生活史对策和种群资源利用现状进行了研究。结果显示：异齿裂腹鱼的总死亡系数（Z）雌性为0.090/a,雄性为0112/a;自然死亡系数（M）雌雄分别为0053/a和0064/a;捕捞死亡系数（F）雌雄分别为0037/a和0048/a;开发率（E）雌雄分别为0415/a和0428/a。以达氏鳇（Huso dauncus）和尖头塘鳢（Eleotris oxycephaoa）作为参照物,运用模糊聚类进行分析,表明异齿裂腹鱼属于比较典型的K 选择类型鱼类。在现捕捞死亡系数、现起捕年龄和现自然死亡系数下,异齿裂腹鱼的繁殖潜力比雌雄分别为5280%和5164%,都大于目标参考点40%。通过单位补充量亲鱼生物量模型分析,显示目前雅鲁藏布江中游异齿裂腹鱼种群资源的开发水平较为合理     

西安市高新技术产业开发区向生态工业园区的转变经验

生态工业园是继经济技术开发区和高新技术开发区后的第三代工业园区,是实施循环经济的三个领域之一。本文介绍了西安市高新技术产业开发区向生态工业园区转变模式与实施步骤,并总结实践经验。     

Hydrolysis and soil sorption of insecticide pyraclofos

The hydrolysis of the insecticide pyraclofos in buffered solutions at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0, and its sorption on four soils of different physicochemical properties were investigated. The results showed that the degradation of pyraclofos in buffered solutions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At 40°C, the rate constants for the hydrolysis of pyraclofos at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 were 0.0214, 0.1293, and 2.1656 d^?1, respectively. Pyraclofos was relatively stable under both acidic and neutral conditions, while it was readily hydrolyzed under basic conditions. The sorption of pyraclofos on four soils was well described by the Freundlich equation. The sorption constant, K _f, increased with an increase in soil organic carbon content, suggesting that organic carbon content was an important factor affecting sorption. The K _oc values for Xiaoshan clay loam soil, Hangzhou I clay loam soil, Hangzhou II soil, and Fuyang silt loam soil were 30.4, 6.7, 5.3, and 7.1, respectively. These results suggest that the sorption of pyraclofos on the tested soils was relatively weak.     

Experimental and simulation study on bake-out with dilution ventilation technology for building materials

With recent improvements to living standards and renovations to many residential buildings, a large volume of new building materials have been utilized throughout China. Formaldehyde and other kinds of VOC pollutants, such as benzene, toluene and xylene found in new building materials, however, emit gases that may lead to some direct or potential health problems. Bake-out with dilution ventilation technology has the potential to shorten emission cycles of indoor air pollution, by which off-gassing from building materials can be reduced. In this paper, a test chamber was used to represent a newly renovated residential room in China. Experiments were conducted to study the applicability of the technology for removing of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylene. A numerical method was used to simulate a 1 m3-chamber-TVOC removing amount under different operating conditions and the concentration change of TVOC during the bake-out exhaust dilution process. The effects of bake-out temperatures and times, ventilation times, and air change rates on removal are also discussed.

Implications: VOCs are the main study objective in this paper. With higher baking temperature, longer baking time and longer ventilation time, the removal efficiency is higher in experiment. Removal content of TVOC increases with the increasing number of ACH. With the consideration of energy consumption, it is more reasonable to choose a ventilation time of 4 hours if ACH is 1.2 times/h.