二氧化钛催化下的氯代二苯并-对-二恶英光解反应

本文利用中压汞灯作光源,研究了氯代二苯并-对-二恶英(CDDs,包括CDD,DCDD,PeCDD和OCDD)在二氧化钛催化下的光解反应,并讨论了二氧化钛浓度、pH值、反应温度以及取代氯原子数目等对反应速率的影响.结果表明,二氧化钛能有效地催化CDDs的光降解,在室温下,4h内DCDD,PeCDD,OCDD分别降解了87.2%,84.6%,91.2%,反应温度和二氧化钛浓度是控制该反应的主要因素.     

Removal characteristics and kinetic analysis of an aerobic vapor-phase bioreactor for hydrophobic alpha-pinene

Biofiltration is considered an effective method to control volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of a bacterial biofilter packed with wood chips and peat for the removal of hydrophobic α-pinene. When inoculated with two pure degraders and adapted activated sludge, a removal efficiency (RE) of more than 95% was achieved after a start-up period of 11 days. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 50 g/(m³. hr) with RE of 94% was obtained at empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 102 sec. When higher α-pinene concentrations and shorter EBRTs were applied, the REs and ECs decreased significantly due to mass-transfer and biological reaction limitations. As deduced from the experimental results, approximately 74% of α-pinene were completely mineralized by the consortiums and the biomass yield was 0.60 g biomass/g α-pinene. Sequence analysis of the selected bands excised from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the inoculated pure cultures could be present during the whole operation, and others were closely related to bacteria being able to degrade hydrocarbons. The kinetic results demonstrated that the whole biofiltration for α-pinene was diffusion-limit controlled owing to its hydrophobic characteristics. These findings indicated that this bacterial biofiltration is a promising technology for the remediation of hydrophobic industrial waste gases containing α-pinene.     

Real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions of light-duty diesel vehicles and their correlation with road conditions

The real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emission profiles of CO, HC and NO_x for light-duty diesel vehicles were investigated. Using a portable emissions measurement system, 16 diesel taxies were tested on different roads in Macao and the data were normalized with the vehicle specific power bin method. The 11 Toyota Corolla diesel taxies have very good fuel economy of (5.9 ± 0.6) L/100 km, while other five diesel taxies showed relatively high values at (8.5 ± 1.7) L/100 km due to the variation in transmission systems and emission control strategies. Compared to similar Corolla gasoline models, the diesel cars confirmed an advantage of ca. 20% higher fuel efficiency. HC and CO emissions of all the 16 taxies are quite low, with the average at (0.05 ± 0.02) g/km and (0.38 ± 0.15) g/km, respectively. The average NO_x emission factor of the 11 Corolla taxies is (0.56 ± 0.17) g/km, about three times higher than their gasoline counterparts. Two of the three Hyundai Sonata taxies, configured with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) + diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) emission control strategies, indicated significantly higher NO₂ emissions and NO₂/NO_x ratios than other diesel taxies and consequently trigger a concern of possibly adverse impacts on ozone pollution in urban areas with this technology combination. A clear and similar pattern for fuel consumption and for each of the three gaseous pollutant emissions with various road conditions was identified. To save energy and mitigate CO₂ emissions as well as other gaseous pollutant emissions in urban area, traffic planning also needs improvement.     

空气和废气中吡啶检测分析方法研究

研究了用5％乙醇-水溶液作为吸收液,直接进样1μ1,气相色谱仪分析,氢火焰检测器检测分析空气和废气中吡啶,检出限：0．01mg／L;吸收效率：98％;标准偏差：8％;曲线相关性：r=0．9993。均符合该物质便捷、准确、快速的检测要求。     

广西珊瑚钨锡矿耕作区土壤和玉米汞含量及污染评价

对广西珊瑚钨锡矿周边耕作区土壤和玉米进行采样分析,采集土壤样、玉米样各39个。采用原子荧光测汞仪进行分析测定法,研究土壤和玉米植株的不同部分(根、茎、叶和果)中的汞含量。结果表明,土壤汞含量为(0.130 9±0.058 6)μg/g,玉米植株汞含量为(0.013 8±0.003 1)μg/g。靠近矿区的土壤汞含量高,远离矿区的低;靠近居民区的土壤汞含量最高,尾砂场、废石场的次之。其中有10.3%的土壤样汞含量超过了我国《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-2008)二级标准的最低限值(汞≤0.2μg/g),表明珊瑚钨锡矿周边耕作区土壤具有一定的汞污染。矿区汞污染对农作物植株汞有一定的影响,但是玉米果实汞含量((0.003 5±0.001 1)μg/g)没有超过国家相关标准的限值(汞≤0.02μg/g)。     

清河流域水生态维持功能评估

利用野外样点调查数据、遥感解译数据和多年降水监测数据,从生物多样性维持功能、生境维持功能和水资源支持功能3个方面对2011年清河流域水生态维持功能进行评估,为"十二五"期间水专项在清河流域开展水环境管理技术实施示范效果评估奠定基础。结果表明:2011年清河流域生物多样性维持功能和生境维持功能较好,而水资源支持功能较差。建议通过开展生态保护工程增加植被覆盖度,增强水资源支持功能和水土保持能力。     

热化法对污泥资源化利用中重金属的去除效果分析

研究了污泥资源化利用过程中用热化法处理后重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni)的含量变化,结果表明:酸热水解脱水去除重金属效果良好,4种重金属去除率的高低顺序为Zn>Ni>Cr>Cu;水解氧化脱水在加酸条件下对Zn与Ni的去除率能达到90%以上,对Cr的去除率较差,氧化脱水在不加酸条件下对Zn无去除效果;电动萃取法对低浓度的重金属去除效果良好。     

Effects of surfactants on graphene oxide nanoparticles transport in saturated porous media

Transport behaviors of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) in saturated porous media were examined as a function of the presence and concentration of anionic surfactant (SDBS) and non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) under different ionic strength (IS). The results showed that the GONPs were retained obviously in the sand columns at both IS of 50 and 200 mmol/L, and they were more mobile at lower IS. The presence and concentration of surfactants could enhance the GONP transport, particularly as observed at higher IS. It was interesting to see that the GONP transport was surfactant type dependent, and SDBS was more effective to facilitate GONP transport than Triton X-100 in our experimental conditions. The advection–dispersion–retention numerical modeling followed this trend and depicted the difference quantitatively. Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction calculations also were performed to interpret these effects, indicating that secondary minimum deposition was critical in this study.     

秦皇岛水资源可持续利用的模糊评价

应用模糊模式识别模型对秦皇岛市各分区的水资源可持续利用程度进行了评价,评价结果表明,秦皇岛市的水资源可持续利用程度整体上处于中级水平,还有较大的开发潜力。其中海港区的水资源可持续利用程度处于中高级水平;北戴河区、昌黎县、抚宁县和卢龙县的水资源可持续利用程度处于中级水平;山海关区和青龙县的水资源可持续利用程度处于中低级水平。     

福州内河沉积物中三氯生和甲基三氯生的含量、来源及其生态风险

对福州市20个内河表层沉积物样品中的三氯生(TCS)和甲基三氯生(MTCS)的含量进行了测定,并对其生态风险进行了评估.研究结果表明,沉积物中TCS和MTCS的含量范围分别为11.8~120.4μg·kg-1和未检出(n.d.)~41.7μg·kg-1,平均含量分别为50.1μg·kg-1和7.8μg·kg-1.沉积物中TCS总量和总有机碳(TOC)含量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.590,p0.05),而MTCS和TOC之间无相关关系.用风险熵(RQ)对TCS和MTCS的生态风险进行了评估,发现有14个沉积物样品中TCS的RQ值和11个沉积物样品中MTCS的RQ值大于1,呈高风险;其他样品中TCS和MTCS(3个未检出样品除外)的RQ值介于0.1~1之间,均呈中等风险.