像素法计算土地复垦方案非矢量化土地利用现状图斑面积

土地复垦方案编制过程中,需计算各地类面积,搜集的资料如果仅有非矢量化线条版土地利用现状图,如纸版或jpg、Tif等图像文件,统计各地类图斑块面积手工描图工作量比较大,且精确度不能满足方案需要,常常成为土地复垦方案编制效率提高的制约因素,笔者根据多年从事计算机技术及工程绘图经验,总结并实践了利用像素点法计算不规则形状图斑面积的方法,供环评、土地复垦工作者参考.     

空气和废气中吡啶检测分析方法研究

研究了用5％乙醇-水溶液作为吸收液,直接进样1μ1,气相色谱仪分析,氢火焰检测器检测分析空气和废气中吡啶,检出限：0．01mg／L;吸收效率：98％;标准偏差：8％;曲线相关性：r=0．9993。均符合该物质便捷、准确、快速的检测要求。     

Real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions of light-duty diesel vehicles and their correlation with road conditions

The real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emission profiles of CO, HC and NO_x for light-duty diesel vehicles were investigated. Using a portable emissions measurement system, 16 diesel taxies were tested on different roads in Macao and the data were normalized with the vehicle specific power bin method. The 11 Toyota Corolla diesel taxies have very good fuel economy of (5.9 ± 0.6) L/100 km, while other five diesel taxies showed relatively high values at (8.5 ± 1.7) L/100 km due to the variation in transmission systems and emission control strategies. Compared to similar Corolla gasoline models, the diesel cars confirmed an advantage of ca. 20% higher fuel efficiency. HC and CO emissions of all the 16 taxies are quite low, with the average at (0.05 ± 0.02) g/km and (0.38 ± 0.15) g/km, respectively. The average NO_x emission factor of the 11 Corolla taxies is (0.56 ± 0.17) g/km, about three times higher than their gasoline counterparts. Two of the three Hyundai Sonata taxies, configured with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) + diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) emission control strategies, indicated significantly higher NO₂ emissions and NO₂/NO_x ratios than other diesel taxies and consequently trigger a concern of possibly adverse impacts on ozone pollution in urban areas with this technology combination. A clear and similar pattern for fuel consumption and for each of the three gaseous pollutant emissions with various road conditions was identified. To save energy and mitigate CO₂ emissions as well as other gaseous pollutant emissions in urban area, traffic planning also needs improvement.     

Removal characteristics and kinetic analysis of an aerobic vapor-phase bioreactor for hydrophobic alpha-pinene

Biofiltration is considered an effective method to control volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of a bacterial biofilter packed with wood chips and peat for the removal of hydrophobic α-pinene. When inoculated with two pure degraders and adapted activated sludge, a removal efficiency (RE) of more than 95% was achieved after a start-up period of 11 days. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 50 g/(m³. hr) with RE of 94% was obtained at empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 102 sec. When higher α-pinene concentrations and shorter EBRTs were applied, the REs and ECs decreased significantly due to mass-transfer and biological reaction limitations. As deduced from the experimental results, approximately 74% of α-pinene were completely mineralized by the consortiums and the biomass yield was 0.60 g biomass/g α-pinene. Sequence analysis of the selected bands excised from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the inoculated pure cultures could be present during the whole operation, and others were closely related to bacteria being able to degrade hydrocarbons. The kinetic results demonstrated that the whole biofiltration for α-pinene was diffusion-limit controlled owing to its hydrophobic characteristics. These findings indicated that this bacterial biofiltration is a promising technology for the remediation of hydrophobic industrial waste gases containing α-pinene.     

Distribution and sources of solvent extractable organic compounds in PM2:5 during 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing

The solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC), including n-alkanes, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, anddicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 during the 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing, were measured via gas chromatography-massspectrometry for determining the characteristics and sources of these organic pollutants. The concentrations of total n-alkanes, PAHs,and organic acids before Chinese Spring Festival Eve (1025.5, 95.9, and 543.3 ng/m3, respectively) were higher than those after (536.6,58...     

水污染物排污权分配方法研究进展

在对国内外排污权分配方法进行综述的基础上,归纳和分析了国内外现有排污权分配方法的优点与不足,并对排污权分配研究的发展趋势进行了展望.     

上海市环境空气质量自动监测数据审核体系的构建及其应用

在进一步加强对空气质量自动监测站现场开展质控检查的同时,建立了以市、区县两级约50个空气质量自动监测站点为基础,以上海市环境监测中心为管理核心的自动监测数据审核体系,制定了相应的数据审核制度,开展了每年约300万以上自动监测数据的有效性审核。自今年以来,利用中美合作-上海市环境空气质量发布系统示范项目（AIRNOW-International）提供的DMS数据自动审核模块,实现了每日约1万个小时浓度监测数据的自动审核,从而大大提高了上海市环境空气质量自动监测系统数据的有效性和数据质量。     

重庆燃煤电厂烟气脱硫石膏综合利用前景分析

随着重庆市烟气脱硫工程的推进,必将产生大量的烟气脱硫副产物——脱硫石膏,这些脱硫石膏如不加以处置,不仅占用大量土地,还可能给环境带来二次污染,处置和利用好脱硫石膏,对重庆市的环境尤其是生态环境保护有着重要意义,而且具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。首先阐述了重庆燃煤电厂脱硫石膏的产生、特性及国内外综合利用现状。结合重庆市实际情况,对脱硫石膏在建筑建材业、农业等领域的应用前景进行了分析,并提出了脱硫石膏综合利用的建议。     

废裂化催化剂中镍去除的研究

本文采用浸取法,硫化氧化法,硫化氯化法工艺进行去除废裂化催化剂中镍的研究。并对各工艺的运行条件,去除效率及可行性进行了分析比较,为工业化再生利用废裂化催化剂提供了一科学依据。