氢氧化钙除河道水中磷的试验研究

用氢氧化钙去除河道水的总磷。结果表明：在先1分钟300r／min快速搅拌,后5分钟40r／min搅拌的条件下,直接投加1250mg·L^-1。氢氧化钙时,出水总磷为0．046mg·L^-1,可达到《景观娱乐用水标准》（GB12941—91）中C类标准（11P≤0．05mg·L^-1）和《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）中II类标准（TP≤0．1mg·L^-1）;在同样的反应条件下,预先调节水样pH至10,投加量达到3250mg·L^-1时,出水总磷达0．068mg·L^-1。该药剂对COD和浊度均有良好的去除效果,但对氨氮的去除效果不明显。     

汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染的研究

通过对位于交通干线两侧某茶园土壤及茶叶中铅含量的调查与分析，得出汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染有较强的时空分布规律，提出了改善和提高茶叶品质的对策与建议。     

印染废水综合利用探讨

分析了印染生产工艺和废水水质,论述了印染废水的用于洗煤的可行性.指出印染企业选址于建有热电厂和洗煤厂的矿区比较合理,实现经济可持续性发展.     

内质网应激在PFOS致大鼠肝损伤中的作用

通过全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)28 d大鼠经口染毒评价PFOS肝损伤效应,探讨内质网应激在PFOS毒效应中的作用。Wistar大鼠随机分组,分别以0 mg·kg~(-1)、5 mg·kg~(-1)和10 mg·kg~(-1)PFOS灌胃染毒28 d。HE染色观察大鼠肝脏形态改变。ELISA法测定各组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和淀粉酶(AMY)含量变化。紫外分光光度法测定肝组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性变化。RT-PCR检测肝脏内质网应激标志蛋白表达水平。结果表明,PFOS造成大鼠体重降低、肝重增高(P0.05),组织切片显示肝细胞出现脂质沉积。PFOS不同剂量组大鼠ALT随暴露浓度增加,分别为(50.96±10.02)U·L~(-1)、(71.73±11.55)U·L~(-1),显著高于对照组(P0.05),AST、ALP含量与对照组相比显著上升(P0.05),高剂量组AMY水平为(833.46±63.05)U·L~(-1),与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05)。GSH-Px和SOD水平随PFOS浓度增加出现了显著降低(P0.05),而MDA水平显著升高(P0.05)。内质网应激标志蛋白表达均较对照组显著上升(P0.05)。以上结果说明PFOS可导致大鼠肝细胞损伤,其机制可能与内质网应激调控有关。     

PBS基共聚物及其模拟降解产物对赤子爱胜蚓急性生态毒性的研究

采用滤纸接触法和自然土壤法,通过急性毒性实验分别研究了20℃时不同分子量PBS（聚丁二酸丁二醇酯poly（butylene succinate））基聚合物及其模拟降解产物二元酸、二元醇对赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetida）的存活和生长的影响。研究结果表明：48 h内二元酸、二元醇质量浓度在低于3 400 mg.L-1时对蚯蚓的存活没有影响,滤纸接触法测得丁二酸、己二酸、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇对蚯蚓的LC50分别为：3 523、3 402、74 907、18 160 mg.L-1;在自然土壤实验中,相比空白实验,蚯蚓在含有不同分子量、不同质量分数的PBS及PBS-co-HS、PBS-co-BA土壤中经过14 d的培养,体质量明显增加,且所有的蚯蚓没有任何病状或伤口出现。以上结果表明PBS基聚合物对该物种是安全的。     

有机沸石对富里酸的静态吸附性能

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)改性制备的有机沸石(SMZ),在HDTMA理论负载量为120％时,对富里酸的吸附去除效果最佳,在酸性条件下更有利于SMZ对富里酸的吸附去除．水中K^ 和Na^ 等金属离子对SMZ吸附富里酸的行为不产生影响,Ca^2 和Mg^2 等金属离子强化了SMZ对富里酸的吸附效能,苯酚和五氯苯酚减弱了SMZ对富里酸的吸附效果．     

Dust storm frequency and its relation to climate changes in Northern China during the past 1000 years

Dust storm events and their relation to climate changes in Northern China during the past 1000 years were analyzed by using different paleoclimate archives such as ice cores, tree rings, and historical documents. The results show that in the semiarid region, the temperature and precipitation series were significantly negatively correlated to the dust storm frequency on a decadal timescale. Compared with temperature changes, however, there was a closer correlation between precipitation changes and dust storm events on a centennial timescale. At this timescale, precipitation accounts for 40% of the variance of dust fall variations during the last 1700 years, inferring precipitation control on the formation of dust storms. In the western arid region, both temperature and precipitation changes are important forcing factors for the occurrence of dust storms in the region on a centennial timescale. In the eastern arid region, the relationship between dust storm events and climate changes are similar like in the semiarid region. As a result, the effects of climate change on dust storm events were manifested on decadal and centennial timescales during the last millennium. However, there is a phase shift in the relation between climate change and the dust storm frequency. A 1400 years reconstruction of the strength of the Siberian High reveals that long-term variations of spring Siberian High intensity might provide a background for the dynamic conditions for the frequency of historical dust storm events in Northern China.     

Feasibility of a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor to achieve single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal based on Anammox

A laboratory-scale membrane-aerated biofilm bioreactor (MABR) equipped with non-woven fabrics support around the gas-permeable carbon tube was developed for single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal based on partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidization. This reactor allowed air to be supplied through the microporous carbon tube wall to the biofilm that was supported by non-woven fabrics. The partial nitrification and consumption of dissolved oxygen occurred in the inner layer and Anammox in the anoxic outer layer of the non-woven fabrics, thus realizing autotrophic nitrogen removal in a single reactor. After 116d of operation, the maximal nitrogen removal of 0.77kgNm(-3)d(-1) at a volumetric ammonium loading rate of 0.87kgNm(-3)d(-1) was achieved. The spatial profiles of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and Anammox bacteria were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This study demonstrated that MABR was a very suitable experimental set-up for the operation of the single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process.     

粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用

就粉煤灰处理废水的研究与应用现状进行了综述。粉煤灰主要通过其吸附作用 (物理吸附和化学吸附 )处理废水 ,对于城市污水、工业废水、含重金属离子、F- 、PO3- 4废水等均有较好的处理效果。对粉煤灰进行物理或化学改性研制高效复合粉煤灰混凝剂是提高粉煤灰利用价值的有效途径之一。同时 ,提高粉煤灰吸附容量以及妥善处理吸附饱和灰是当前急需解决的问题     

中国挥发性有机物污染防治政策及对监测技术的管理需求

本文通过梳理现行的挥发性有机物污染防治政策法规和方法标准,结合国外经验,提出了现阶段挥发性有机物污染防治政策体系。尽管起步较晚,但陆续实施的挥发性有机物排污收费和总量控制机制,已经对污染物监测提出了明确的管理需求。虽然离线检测技术具有良好的灵敏度和响应度,但使用FID和NDIR法的在线和便携仪器响应时间短、数据连续,可以实现对挥发性有机物污染的实时追踪,更好地满足污染预警、应急执法等环境管理新需求。