矿井井筒提升设备绕流的数值模拟

基于经典的流体力学理论,建立罐笼绕流的二维RNGκ-ε湍流模型,分析其初始边界条件,并结合工程实际应用FLUENT计算流体动力学软件模拟罐笼运行时井筒内流场及压力场,得出井筒内流场及压力场的变化规律。研究结果表明:在罐笼运行期间,由于空间受限而引发活塞效应,井筒内压力发生瞬态变化,造成通风系统的压力波动,导致气流运动的动态改变,对通风系统稳定性有一定的影响。     

复杂矿井通风系统角联风路自动识别方法的研究

角联风路的识别与稳定性分析是矿井通风系统稳定性与可靠性分析理论中的核心内容之一。笔者对通风系统角联风路进行了深入的研究;分析了通路法的局限性,简化了角联风路的数学模型,提出了快速、准确、灵活的角联风路自动识别的新方法——节点位置法;编写了角联风路自动识别软件,并应用现场数据进行测试,将其结果与通路法的结果进行了比较分析;证明了节点位置法是切实可行的。     

Use of Microbial Community to Evaluate Performance of a Wetland System in Treating Pb/Zn Mine Drainage

The performance of a wetland system in treating lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) mine drainage was evaluated by using the polyurethane foam unit (PFU) microbial community (method), which has been adopted by China as a standardized procedure for monitoring water quality. The wetland system consisted of four cells with three dominant plants: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis and Paspalum distichum. Physicochemical characteristics [pH, EC, content of total suspended solid (TSS) and metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu)] and PFU microbial community in water samples had been investigated from seven sampling sites. The results indicated that the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and TSS in the mine drainage were gradually reduced from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system and 99%, 98%, 75%, 83%, and 68% of these metals and TSS respectively, had been reduced in concentration after the drainage passed through the wetland system. A total of 105 protozoan species were identified, the number of protozoa species and the diversity index (DI) gradually increased, while the heterotrophic index (HI) gradually decreased from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system. The results indicated that DI, HI, and total number species of protozoa could be used as biological indicators indicating the improvement of water quality.     

Identification of soil heavy metal sources from anthropogenic activities and pollution assessment of Fuyang County, China

Understanding regional variations of soil heavy metals and their anthropogenic influence are very important for environmental planning. In this study, 286 surface soil samples were collected in Fuyang county, and the 'total' metals for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) were measured in 2005. Statistic analysis showed that Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd had been added by exterior factors, and Ni was mainly controlled by natural factors. The combination of multivariate statistical and geostatistical analysis successfully grouped three groups (Cu, Zn and Pb; Cd; and Ni) of heavy metals from different sources. Through pollution evaluation, it was found that 15.76% of the study area for Cu, Zn and Pb, and 46.14% for Cd suffered from moderate or severe pollution. Further spatial analysis identified the limestone mining activities, paper mills, cement factory and metallurgic activities were the main sources for the concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in soils, and soil Ni was mainly determined by the parent materials.     

Distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in chicken manure and manure-fertilized vegetables

Veterinary manure is an important pollution reservoir of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). However, little is known of the distribution of ARB in plant endophytic bacteria and the number/types of ARB in chicken manure. In this study, 454-pyrosequencing was used to investigate the distribution and composition of ARBs in chicken manure and fertilized vegetables. The prevalence of ARB in the samples of the chicken manure compost recovered from farms on which amoxicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and cephalexin were used was 20.91–65.9 % for ARBs and 8.24–20.63 % simultaneously resistant to two or more antibiotics (multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria (MARB)). Antibiotic-resistant endophytic bacteria were widely detected in celery, pakchoi, and cucumber with the highest rate of resistance to cephalexin. The pyrosequencing indicated that the chicken manure dominantly harbored Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes, and Proteobacteria and that Bacteroidetes was significantly enhanced in farms utilizing antibiotics. In the total cultivable colonies, 62.58–89.43 % ARBs and 95.29 % MARB were clustered in Bacteroidetes with the dominant species (Myroides ordoratimimus and Spningobacterium spp., respectively) related to human clinical opportunistic pathogens.     

洪水等级和灾情划分问题

洪水等级是描述一次洪水大小的指标，而洪水灾度是描述一次洪水造成损失大小的指标。这两个指标从理论和应用方面来说都具有许多优点，概念明确，简单易行。     

活性粉末混凝土的耐酸性

为了考察活性粉末混凝土在严酷环境下的耐酸性能,试验研究了硫酸溶液和醋酸溶液对活性粉末混凝土强度的影响,并比较研究了硫酸溶液对普通水泥基材料和高强水泥基材料的影响。70d浸泡龄期的试验结果表明:在浸泡早期,3种水泥基材料的耐硫酸性能差别不明显,随着暴露时间的延长,活性粉末混凝土比普通水泥基材料和高强水泥基材料呈现出较好的耐硫酸性能;弱离解的醋酸溶液对活性粉末混凝土的侵蚀作用比强离解的硫酸溶液更强。前者与3种水泥基材料的孔隙率、孔隙结构、抗渗性及抗裂性等因素有关,后者则与醋酸溶液的强扩散性有关。     

20世纪长江的3次巨洪

分析了形成20世纪长江3次巨洪的3个遥相关因子：（1）太阳黑子活动;（2）厄尔尼诺事件,（3）青藏高原南部大震。依据长江巨洪和遥相关因子的基本事实,讨论了长江发生巨洪的统计规律。指出当3个因子的出现时间互相重叠时,长江很可能发生巨洪,这对长江巨洪的超长期预测具有重要的指导作用。     

风雨联合作用下风向对大跨度悬挑屋盖的压力分布影响研究

强降雨通常伴有强风作用,风向成为影响结构表面压力分布的重要因素之一。目前大跨度挑檐屋盖设计基本只考虑垂直于结构表面的单独雨荷载作用,对风雨联合作用下建筑表面压力分布研究甚少。研究风雨联合作用下,不同风向对大跨度悬挑屋盖表面的压力分布影响特性。基于数值模拟平台,采用欧拉-欧拉方法,模拟得到了不同风向工况下大跨度悬挑屋盖结构表面平均压力分布规律,并研究得到了一次自然降雨过程中最不利抗风雨位置,对相应大跨度悬挑结构设计提出了有益参考。     

毒性鉴别评价方法对城镇污水处理厂去除水中有毒物质的分析实例

以江苏省常州市城北污水算处理厂的进水、活性污泥处理系统的出水以及A^2O处理工艺的出水为研究对象,对进出水进行Daphnia magna急性毒性试验。结果表明,进水对Daphnia magna具有24h急性毒性,经过活性污泥处理工艺处理及A^2O处理工艺处理,两股出水均不显示24h急性毒性,采用毒性鉴别评价（Toxicity Identification Evaluation,TE）方法对进水进行监测和评价,发现曝气可去除进水的毒性,C18固相提取亦可去除进水毒性,进水中存在的主要毒物为易挥发的非极性有机化合物,进一步检测可知,进水中的关键毒物主要为邻丙基甲醛肟、1,1－甲基乙基－2－甲氧基苯酚、2－氮,氮二甲基苯甲醇等,此外,对2个处理系统出水进行GC／MS分析,可知出水中关键毒物基本被去除。