工程技术管理人员安全生产责任的落实

安全生产责任制度,是现代企业工程施工安全生产工作的基本制度,是落实企业安全生产主体责任、规范安全管理流程的基本法则。每一个建筑施工企业都会制定出从企业董事长、总经理到各个管理岗位,直到基层作业人员的安全生产责任制。在施工现场安全生产工作中,工程技术人员的安全责任落实是安全管理链条的重要环节。     

Crosslinking and stabilization of high fractional free volume polymers for gas separation

Crosslinkable poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) (PMP) membranes were cast from carbon tetrachloride solutions containing PMP and either 4,4′-diazidobenzophenone or 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenyl azide. The composite membranes were transparent and homogeneous and were crosslinked by UV irradiation at room temperature or thermal treatment at 180 °C. Low levels of the bis(aryl azide) (1–4.5 wt%) were effective in rendering the membranes insoluble in cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride, both are good solvents for PMP, thus PMP can easily be converted to mechanically stable membranes with permeabilities and selectivities comparable or higher than those of the well-known poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The permeabilities of O₂, N₂, H₂, CH₄ and CO₂ were measured. Compared to pure PMP, the crosslinked membranes containing bis(aryl azide) had lower permeabilities and higher selectivities, consistent with a reduction in free volume.     

Biological detection and analysis of mercury toxicity to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants

Mercury has become one of the major causes of toxic metal pollution in agricultural lands. Accumulation of mercury by plants may disrupt many cellular functions and block growth and development. To assess mercury toxicity, we performed an experiment focusing on the responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to Hg(2+)-induced oxidative stress. Alfalfa plants were treated with 0-40microM HgCl(2) for 7d. The concentrations of Hg(2+) were positively correlated with the generation of O2- and H(2)O(2) in leaves. Treatment with Hg(2+) increased the activities of NADH oxidase and lipoxygenase (LOX) and damaged the biomembrane lipids. To understand biochemical responses under Hg stress, activities of several antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed. Analysis of SOD activity by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed five isoforms in leaves, but they showed different patterns. Also, eight isoenzymes of APX and seven of POD in leaves were detected. However, only one isoform of CAT was visualized. The total activities of APX, POD and CAT were generally enhanced. We also measured several antioxidative metabolites such as ascorbate and glutathione (GSH), and found that both differentially accumulated in leaves. These results indicate that the increased levels of O2- and H(2)O(2) under Hg stress were closely linked to the improved capacity of antioxidant enzymes. The data not only provide the important information for better understanding of the toxic and tolerance mechanisms, but as well can be used as a bio-indicator for soil contamination by Hg.     

The influence of iron and sulfur mineral fractions on carbon tetrachloride transformation in model anaerobic soils and sediments

The objective of this research was to identify the dissolved species or solid phase mineral fraction(s) best correlated with rates of carbon tetrachloride (CT) reductive transformation in systems modeling sulfate-reducing and iron oxide-rich soils and sediments. We used sulfide (S(-II))-treated goethite as our model system, but also studied Fe(II) and S(-II)-treated goethite, Fe(II)-treated goethite, pure FeS, and Fe(II)-treated FeS in order to isolate and evaluate the influence of different mineral fractions on reaction rates. Initial rates of CT transformation were measured for different pH values and concentrations of added Fe(II), as well as different aging times and conditions. The following dissolved species and iron and sulfur mineral fractions were quantified and compared with CT transformation rates: aqueous Fe(2+) and S(-II), surface associated Fe(II) (including weakly and strongly bound Fe(II)), FeS(s), and Cr(II) reducible solid phase S. Over the pH range of 6-10, CT transformation rates were correlated with surface associated Fe(II), while at pH 8, rates were correlated with weakly bound Fe(II). Aging of S(-II)-treated goethite led to oxidation of surface sulfur and a change in the concentration of weakly bound Fe(II), but did not change the relationship between initial rates and weakly bound Fe(II). The results of this research suggest that surface associated Fe(II) and weakly bound Fe(II) could serve as indicators of the potential for abiotic CT dechlorination in natural soils under sulfate-reducing conditions.     

青藏高原东北侧突发性暴雨特征综合分析

对1970-2007年发生在青藏高原东北侧陕西的突发性暴雨研究发现,其夜间降水特点明显,对流层中层较强的偏南气流是突发性暴雨水汽输送贡献最大者和低层辐合的主要动力来源。偏南气流北伸的位置决定突发性暴雨落区偏南或偏北,300hPa一致的纬向12～20m·s-1强风速带为突发性暴雨提供高层抽吸作用。上述两点对突发性暴雨落区有一定的预报指示意义。云图分析显示,突发性暴雨多有中尺度云团配合,上升运动最大值的高度层与突发性暴雨落区地域位置有关。     

低瓦斯综采放顶煤工作面通风除尘的研究

通过对低瓦斯综采放顶煤工作面的研究,选择了合理的通风方式和最优排风速和,即有利于工作面降温,保证了工作面安全生产.     

注水泥塞清洁生产工艺研究与现场应用

在油田井下作业过程中,常对油井的高含水层或报废井实施封堵,这种传统的施工工艺存在一些不足之处。引入清洁生产理念,提出了用钢丝绳将水泥浆送入井筒中预定位置的施工工艺,即无管柱注水泥塞工艺。该工艺不需要水泥车等特种车辆的配合,不会发生井下开关操作失误造成的事故,比传统注灰工艺节约作业周期3/4以上。另外,该工艺从源头上实施了清洁生产措施,操作简单,经济效益较高,在油田修井作业系统有推广价值。     

我国工业企业安全卫生防护距离标准研制的探讨

运用风险评价理论,结合煤制气厂、礼花厂安全防护距离标准的制订,探索我国生产中含有易燃及剧毒物质的工业企业的安全卫生防护距离标准的制订的原则、内容和方法。     

论葛属植物的开发及综合利用前景

综述了国内外葛根开发利用的现状和动向,介绍了葛属植物化学成份的研究进展及其含量测定方法,以及葛根产品在医药、食品等行业中的应用及市场前景。     

吸附法净化低浓度废气实验研究

本文探讨了用活性炭吸附低浓度苯类废气时,空塔气速和气流在吸附层的接触时间对吸附过程的影响;研究了活性炭在已经吸附若干质量的苯类物质以后的吸附性能.据此绘制了空塔气建-吸附效率和活性炭含苯率-吸附效率等关系曲线,并进行了活性炭再生的研究.研究表明:使用活性炭可以有效地净化低浓度苯类废气.