Controlled release and retarded leaching of pesticides by encapsulating in carboxymethyl chitosan /bentonite composite gel

A novel composite gel composed of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-chit) and bentonite (H-bent) was used as the carrier for encapsulating atrazine and imidacloprid to control their release in water and retard their leaching in soil. Strong interactions between CM-chit and H-bent in the composite were confirmed by FT-IR, and good dispersion of pesticides in the carrier was observed by SEM. According to the results of release experiments in water, the CM-chit/H-bent composite carrier showed double advantages of both encapsulation by the polymer and sorption by the bentonite. The time taken for 50 % of active ingredients to be released, t ₅₀, was prolonged to 572 h for atrazine and 24 h for imidacloprid, respectively. The difference between the two pesticides on release behavior was related to their hydrophobicity and water solubility. Leaching experiments through a soil layer showed that this novel carrier reduced the amount of pesticides available for leaching, and would be useful for diminishing the environmental pollution of pesticides.     

八羟基喹啉改性膨润土预处理养殖废水

以八羟基喹啉为改性剂,天然膨润土为原料,制备一种新型吸附剂,并将其应用于养殖废水的预处理中。确定了改性膨润土的最佳制备条件:土液比为4 g/L,改性剂浓度为0.3 g/L,改性时间为50 min,改性温度为50℃。并以扫描电镜方法对改性膨润土行进表征:八羟基喹啉已经有效进入层间,改变了膨润土的性状,提高了吸附效果。优化了改性膨润土处理养殖废水的工艺条件:投土量为1 g/L,pH为4,搅拌时间为30 min,搅拌速度为350 r/min,沉淀时间为40 min。在此优化条件下,改性膨润土对养殖废水的COD去除率最高可达79.18%,且吸附动力学结果满足二级动力学模型。     

印刷用铝基材碱洗废液的循环利用

对印刷用铝基材碱洗废液进行了循环利用研究。首先将高COD含量的碱洗废液进行除油脱色处理,通过石灰和硬脂酸的协同效应,使COD含量从26300mg／L降至480mg／L,色度降至60°;然后利用含铝碱性废液通过碳化法制备出结晶度66％的拟薄水铝石产品;最后对分离后的碱性废水按配方要求配制,对铝基材进行除油实验,经5次循环表明,除油效果和对铝基材的腐蚀率均100％达标。     

黄粉虫处理鸡粪

采用EM菌发酵处理后的鸡粪养殖黄粉虫,研究了在传统饲料中添加不同比例的鸡粪对黄粉虫的生长及积累重金属的影响。以虫的增重量为指标,采用均匀实验法优化了含有鸡粪的黄粉虫饲料配方。结果表明,利用黄粉虫处理鸡粪时,鸡粪的添加量宜低于55wt％。随着鸡粪比例增加,黄粉虫体内灰分含量呈增加趋势,Cu、Cd、Mn、Pb和Zn等重金属在黄粉虫体内无明显富集。饲养黄粉虫的鸡粪饲料较好的配方为：发酵处理的鸡粪37．78wt％、玉米秸秆粉26．20wt％、玉米粉36．02wt％。     

微波辅助Fe-H2O2联合处理罗丹明B废水

对微波辅助Fe-H2O2联合处理罗丹明B废水进行了研究,分别考察了废水pH、H2O2加入量、铁粉加入量、初始罗丹明B质量浓度以及反应时间等因素对罗丹明B去除率的影响。实验结果表明,对于100mg/L的罗丹明B废水,当加入50mg/L铁粉、10.0mL/LH2O2,反应12min后,罗丹明B去除率达到98.7%,并且拓宽了反应的pH范围。     

流化床中污泥干燥特性

以湿污泥为原料在气固流动流化床干燥器内进行了污泥干燥特性的实验研究,考察流化风速、送风温度、联合干燥热量配比的变化对干燥强度、干燥热效率及平均传热系数的影响。实验结果表明,流化床污泥干燥最佳流化风速为1.48 m/s左右;随着流化风温的升高,干燥强度和干燥热效率逐渐增大,但增幅减小;单独的加热管干燥和流化风干燥的干燥热效率均较低,分别为33%和45%左右。在相同总输入热量下,随着内置加热管输入热量的比重越来越大,干燥热效率、干燥强度和平均传热系数均先增大后减小。     

桂林会仙湿地沉积物中磷形态及分布特征

沉积物中磷的含量及其形态是影响水体营养化进程的重要因素,对研究湿地水体富营养化具有重要意义。应用蒋柏藩等石灰性土壤无机磷提取方法,调查了桂林会仙岩溶湿地5个典型区域柱状沉积物中的磷形态分布、垂向上的变化特征,分析了各形态磷之前的相关性。结果表明,桂林会仙湿地柱状沉积物中w(TP)为161.14~555.48 mg/kg,活性较高的Ca2-P(5.27~51.45 mg/kg)、Ca8-P(7.76~37.57 mg/kg)均较低。沉积物中的磷以Ca-P(42.92%)为主,Ca-P中的Ca10-P所占比例较高(>70.3%),导致内源磷不易释放,有利于减缓桂林会仙湿地水体富营养化进程。在空间分布上,Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P与TP分布趋势相似,从沉积物表层至底层逐渐降低并趋于稳定。Pearson相关系数表明,TP与总氮(TN)、有机质(OM)、Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P极显著相关,与Ca10-P显著相关。     

Is carbon dioxide emission convergence in the ten largest economies?

This study applies stationary test with a flexible Fourier function proposed by Enders and Lee (Enders, W. and J. Lee. 2012. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 74:574–99) to test the validity of carbon dioxide emission to assess its convergence, and the rationality of the existing policies in the 10 largest economies of the world. We find that our approximation has higher power to detect smooth breaks than the linear method, as the true data generating process of carbon dioxide emission convergence is in fact a stationary nonliner process. We examine the validity of carbon dioxide emission from the nonlinear point of view and provide robust evidence that clearly indicates that carbon dioxide emission is convergence in most countries, not depending on their development pattern. It implies that the existing policies in most countries are rational, and the United States, Japan, and Germany need more efforts in reducing the carbon dioxide emission.     

工业园区水污染防治的问题与对策探讨

随着快速工业化发展,尤其是新建工业项目"入园进区"的推进,工业园区水污染防治越来越成为工业污染防治的重中之重。本文通过从园区准入、适用标准、管理体系等方面对当前工业园区水污染防治中的问题的梳理,对工业园区系统化的工业园区环境行政管理体系进行探讨,研究建议:在园区设立时,应突出区域上资源、能源、环境三元优化与统一,园区企业入园突出环境准入尤其是有利于园区的生态化与循环化改造;在园区企业水污染防治中,应探索园区企业协同治污的差异化排放标准,建立全过程控制水污染防治路线;在环境管理体制创新中,应以排污许可管理为主线,构建园区环境管理相关方协同的系统管理机制。     

Effects of bulking agent addition on odorous compounds emissions during composting of OFMSW

The effects of rice straw addition level on odorous compounds emissions in a pilot-scale organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) composting plant were investigated. The cumulative odorous compounds emissions occurred in a descending order of 40.22, 28.71 and 27.83 mg/dry kg of OFMSW for piles with rice straw addition level at ratio of 1:10, 2:10 and 3:10 (mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW on a wet basis), respectively. The mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW had a statistically significant effect on the reduction of malodorous sulfur compounds emissions, which had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of VFAs, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatics and ammonia emissions during composting, respectively. The cumulative emissions of malodorous sulfur compounds from piles with the increasing rice straw addition level were 1.17, 1.08 and 0.88 mg/dry kg of OFMSW, respectively. The optimal mixing ratio of rice straw to OFMSW was 1:5. Using this addition level, the cumulative malodorous sulfur compounds emissions based on the organic matter degradation were the lowest during composting of OFMSW.