暖通空调设计的LCC概念

寿命周期概念，即空调系统从庭生到报废的整个期间的费用总和，提出在暖通空调设计中考虑生命周期概念和具体设计过程。     

Increased leaf area expansion of hybrid poplar in elevated CO2. From controlled environments to open-top chambers and to FACE.

We examined the response of hybrid poplar to elevated CO2 in contrasting growth environments: controlled environment chamber (CE). open-top chamber (OTC) and poplar free air CO2 enrichment (POPFACE) in order to compare short versus long-term effects and to determine whether generalisations in response are possible for this fast growing tree. Leaf growth, which for poplar is an important determinant of stemwood productivity was followed in all environments, as were the determinants of leaf growth-cell expansion and cell production. Elevated CO2 (550-700 micromol mol(-1), depending on environment) resulted in an increase in final leaf size for Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides (Populus x interamericana) and P. deltoides x Populus nigra (Populus x euramericana), irrespective of whether plants were exposed during a short-term CE glasshouse study (90 days), a long-term OTC experiment (3 years) or during the first year of a POPFACE experiment. An exception was observed in the closed canopy POPFACE experiment, where final leaf size remained unaltered by CO2. Increased leaf extension rate was observed in elevated CO2 in all experiments, at some point during leaf development, as determined by leaf length. Again the exception were the POPFACE experiment, where effects were not statistically significant. Leaf production and specific leaf area (SLA) were increased and decreased, respectively, on five out of six occasions, although both were only statistically significant on two occasions and interestingly for SLA never in the FACE experiment. Although both cell expansion and cell production were sensitive to CO2 concentration, effects appeared highly dependent on growth environment and genotype. However, increased leaf cell expansion in elevated CO2 was often associated with changes in the biophysical properties of the cell wall, usually increased cell wall plasticity. This research has shown that enhanced leaf area development was a consistent response to elevated CO2 but that the magnitude of this response is likely to decline, in long-term exposure to elevated CO2. Effects on SLA and leaf production suggest that CE and OTC experiments may not always provide good predictors of the 'qualitative' effects of elevated CO2 in long-term ecosystem experiments.     

Oxidative capacities of size-segregated haze particles in a residential area of Beijing

The frequent haze days around the Chinese capital of Beijing in recent years have aroused great attention owing to the detrimental efects on visibility and public health. To discover the potential health efects of the haze, oxidative capacities of airborne particles collected in Beijing during haze and clear days were comparably assessed by a plasmid scission assay. Eleven water-soluble trace elements(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Se, Tl, and Zn) in the size-segregated airborne particles were quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and most of the watersoluble trace elements were found to mainly concentrate in the fine particle size of 0.56–1.0 μm. In comparison with clear days, the mass concentrations of 11 analyzed water-soluble trace elements remarkably increased during haze days, and the oxidative capacities determined by the plasmid scission assay were markedly elevated accordingly during the haze days under the same dosage of particles as for those during clear days. Water-soluble trace elements in airborne particles, such as Cu, V, and particularly Zn, were found to have significantly positive correlations with the plasmid DNA damage rates. Because Cu, V, and Zn have been considered as bioavailable elements, the evident increase of these elements during haze days may be greatly harmful to human health.     

Humic acid transport in saturated porous media: Influence of flow velocity and influent concentration

Understanding the transport of humic acids（HAs） in porous media can provide important and practical evidence needed for accurate prediction of organic/inorganic contaminant transport in different environmental media and interfaces. A series of column transport experiments was conducted to evaluate the transport of HA in different porous media at different flow velocities and influent HA concentrations. Low flow velocity and influent concentration were found to favor the adsorption and deposition of HA onto sand grains packed into columns and to give higher equilibrium distribution coefficients and deposition rate coefficients, which resulted in an increased fraction of HA being retained in columns.Consequently, retardation factors were increased and the transport of HA through the columns was delayed. These results suggest that the transport of HA in porous media is primarily controlled by the attachment of HA to the solid matrix. Accordingly, this attachment should be considered in studies of HA behavior in porous media.     

加油站油气回收效果检测及分析

对某地区4个加油站的油气回收改造效果进行了抽样检测。重点对一次油气回收中的回气量、回气浓度、回气压力和卸油速度以及二次油气回收中的密闭性、液阻和气液比等指标进行了测试,分析了存在的问题,并提出了相应的改造措施和建议。     

刍议环境监测在环境保护工作中的作用研究

随着中国社会主义市场经济的进步和发展,人们的环保意识日渐增加,对环境保护工作的要求越来越高。为了提升环境保护工作的质量,必须要大力发展环境的监测技术。因为环境监测是环境保护工作中的重要组成部分,其作用主要是全面、及时、准确的反映当前环境的质量以及环境问题的发展趋势,为人类的环境保护工作提供科学的依据。鉴于环境监测的重要性,中国环保单位必须要高度重视环境监测技术的研究和发展,提高环境监测的效率和质量。     

危险与可操作性分析实际运用中的问题

对危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)方法在实际运用中存在着诸多问题予以分析总结,并对这些问题的解决进行简要的说明.     

“16·7”江汉至黄淮华北极端强降雨过程决策气象服务分析

通过分析2016年7月18~21日江汉至黄淮华北等地极端强降雨过程特点和预报服务情况,从决策气象服务的角度,深度剖析国家级气象预报和服务之间的关系,提炼气象服务的亮点。为了更好分析2016年7月18~21日强降雨过程预报服务特点,将其与2012年7月21日华北地区极端强降雨过程预报和气象服务情况对比,突显此次降雨过程的极端性,总结气象服务的不足,提出改进思路和措施,积累极端降雨过程气象服务经验,为今后极端事件的气象服务提供参考。     

Interaction and independence on methane oxidation of landfill cover soil among three impact factors: water, oxygen and ammonium

To understand the influence patterns and interactions of three important environmental factors, i.e. soil water content, oxygen concentration, and ammonium addition, on methane oxidation, the soils from landfill cover layers were incubated under full factorial parameter settings. In addition to the methane oxidation rate, the quantities and community structures of methanotrophs were analyzed to determine the methane oxidation capacity of the soils. Canonical correspondence analysis was utilized to distinguish the important impact factors. Water content was found to be the most important factor influencing the methane oxidation rate and Type II methanotrophs, and the optimum value was 15% (w/w), which induced methane oxidation rates 10- and 6- times greater than those observed at 5% (w/w) and 20% (w/w), respectively. Ambient oxygen conditions were more suitable for methane oxidation than 3% oxygen. The addition of 100 mg-N·kg _drysoil ^?1 of ammonium induced different effects on methane oxidation capacity when conducted at low or high water content. With regard to the methanotrophs, Type II was sensitive to the changes of water content, while Type I was influenced by oxygen content. Furthermore, the methanotrophic acidophile, Verrucomicrobia, was detected in soils with a pH of 4.9, which extended their known living environments.