Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and ambient temperature: a critical review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented public health, and social and economic challenges. It remains unclear...     

Municipal solid waste,an overlooked route of transmission for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Municipal solid waste could potentially transmit human pathogens during the collection, transport, handling, and disposal of waste. Workers and residents living in...     

Utilization of coal gangue for the production of brick

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Coal gangue, an industrial solid waste discarded from coal mining and processing, was used as the sole raw material to prepare brick. The coal...     

三邻甲苯磷酸酯对大鼠C6星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞作用

三邻甲苯磷酸酯(tri-o-cresyl phosphate,TOCP)是一种有机磷酸酯类化合物,具神经毒性作用。研究表明星形胶质细胞是有机磷化合物(organophosphorus compounds,OPs)神经毒性作用的靶点之一。为了探讨TOCP对星形胶质细胞的毒性作用,采用大鼠C6星形胶质细胞分别经0.1、0.3、1.0和3.0 mmol·L-1TOCP染毒处理24 h,应用MTT比色法和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力分析法检测细胞活力,在电子相差显微镜下观察细胞形态,二硫代二硝基苯甲酸(DNTB)比色法测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,流式细胞仪检测分析细胞周期。结果显示,经TOCP处理24 h后,大鼠C6星形胶质细胞存活率降低,LDH释放增加,细胞形态也发生了明显的变化。GSH含量和GSH-Px活性降低,G1期细胞数量也逐渐增加。上述结果表明,TOCP对星形胶质细胞具有毒性作用,引起氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞。     

BDE47对Neuro-2a细胞毒性效应及作用机制

探讨2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenylether,BDE 47)对神经细胞Neuro-2a的毒性影响及机制。将Neuro-2a细胞暴露于浓度为6.25、12.5、25、50、100μmol·L-1的BDE 47,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率、荧光探针DCFH-DA检测细胞活性氧生成量、吖啶橙检测溶酶体膜通透性、罗丹明123检测细胞线粒体膜电位、Annexin V-FITC检测细胞凋亡、Western blot检测组织蛋白酶B(Cathespin B)表达。结果显示,与对照组相比,12.5、25、50、100μmol·L~(-1)BDE 47显著降低Neuro-2a细胞存活率和细胞线粒体膜电位(P0.05);6.25、12.5、25、50、100μmol·L~(-1)BDE 47显著诱导活性氧含量升高(P0.05),增加Neuro-2a细胞溶酶体膜通透性(P0.05),诱导Neuro-2a细胞凋亡(P0.05),升高Cathespin B蛋白表达(P0.05)。结果表明,BDE 47可能通过介导溶酶体-活性氧-线粒体环路,诱导Neuro-2a细胞凋亡。     

天津市区表层土壤中多氯联苯的污染特征

用GC/ECD分析、GC/MS验证的方法测定了天津市区41个表层(0~10 cm)土壤样品中84种PCB异构体. 结果表明:w(PCBs)为0.82~8.86 ng/g,平均值为3.56 ng/g,其中工业区>路边绿化带>公园. 7种PCB指示异构体的浓度(以w计)范围为0.08~2.05 ng/g,占总量的22.89%,与w(PCBs)具有较好的相关性(R=0.74,P<0.000 1). 5氯联苯和3氯联苯是主要的异构体,分别占总量的28.30%和22.14%. 浓度位居前10位的异构体分别是PCB31/28、PCB201、PCB6、PCB84、PCB92、PCB101、PCB16/32、PCB89、PCB180和PCB12/13. 主成分分析显示,国产变压器油与电容器油、Aro1242、Aro1248、Aro1254、A30和KC300以及现有工业的排放是天津市区表层土壤中PCBs的主要来源. 关键词:多氯联苯(PCBs); 表层土壤; PCB指示异构体; 异构体      

吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺在水稻中的残留分析

本文建立了混合除草剂吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺在水稻上的残留分析方法,并研究了其在水稻中的消解动态和最终残留.样品经乙腈超声提取、二氯甲烷液-液分配和Pesticarb/NH2SPE净化后,通过HPLC-UVD检测.该方法对水稻植株、糙米、稻壳和土壤中的吡嘧磺隆最小检出量(LOD)为2.0×10-10g;田水中的吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺最小检出量(LOD)为1.0×10-10g.该方法对水稻植株、糙米、稻壳和土壤中的苯噻酰草胺最小检出量(LOD)为2.0×10-10g.试验结果显示,8%吡嘧·苯噻酰颗粒剂施药量分别为675 g(a.i.)·ha-1(其中吡嘧磺隆为42.2 g(a.i.)·ha-1)和1012.5 g(a.i.)·ha-1(其中吡嘧磺隆为63.3 g(a.i.)·ha-1),施药1次,2010年北京施药后120 d,安徽施药后92 d,湖南施药后70 d收获期糙米、植株、土壤和稻壳中吡嘧磺隆的残留量均低于0.01 mg·kg-1.     

定点突变对扩展青霉脂肪酶热稳定性的改善

利用重叠延伸PCR方法对扩展青霉脂肪酶基因进行体外定点突变,构建了K115R与随机突变体ep8双突变的重组质粒pAO815-ep8-K115R.将该质粒电转化到毕赤酵母GS115中进行异源表达,获得双突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-K115R-GS.与野生型脂肪酶PEL-GS和随机突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-GS进行比较,发现双突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-K115R-GS在40℃温浴30 min后残余酶活为89%,比野生型脂肪酶PEL-GS和随机突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-GS分别提高54%和27%;双突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-K115R-GS的Tm值为42.2℃,比野生型脂肪酶PEL-GS提高3.5℃,比随机突变脂肪酶PEL-ep8-GS提高2.0℃.研究结果表明对扩展青霉脂肪酶的分子改造能提高其热稳定性.     

全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)替代品对中国白羽鹌鹑的毒性

为研究全氟辛烷磺酸盐(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)替代品对环境生物的毒害效应,选用中国白羽鹌鹑作为受试生物,建立其环境危害评价毒性测试方法,并对PFOS替代化学品进行了急性经口、急性饲喂及繁殖毒性的风险评价。结果表明,全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂急性经口毒性实验的LD50为500.44mg·kg-1,其余3种替代化学品在上限浓度2000mg·kg-1,白羽鹌鹑均未出现明显死亡,4种PFOS替代品对中国白羽鹌鹑的急性经口毒性均为低毒。全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂急性饲喂毒性实验的LC50为970.50mg.kg-1,对白羽鹌鹑的饲喂毒性为中毒,而其余3种替代化学品在上限浓度5000mg·kg-1,白羽鹌鹑均未出现明显死亡,对中国白羽鹌鹑的急性饲喂毒性为低毒。在长期饲喂过程中,织物三防整理剂和C6织物三防整理剂会表现出一定的生殖毒性,造成中国白羽鹌鹑的孵化率降低,胚胎死亡率及未受精率升高;全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂会影响到中国白羽鹌鹑的未受精率,C4织物三防整理剂未表现出明显的生殖毒性。     

The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

To explore the factors that influence respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents, a questionnaire survey combined with contingent valuation and psychometric paradigm methods were conducted in the city of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. Both traditional socioeconomic variables and perceived characteristics of the hazards were considered in this study, and a Tobit model was used to find the factors influencing WTP under three risk reduction scenarios. The results showed that three demographic characteristics, age, gender, and income, significantly affected the WTP for chemical risk reduction. In addition, three extracted public risk perception factors, effect, knowledge, and trust, also strongly affected the WTP. The mean WTP value increased as the magnitude of the risk reduction increased. The number of factors influencing the WTP decreased as the reduction level improved, and only the effect factor had a significant influence on the WTP for a higher level (80%) of risk reduction. The cost for chemical safety management of Yancheng was calculated, and the optimized risk reduction level was determined. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to formulate suitable strategies for risk control, to reach target groups of people to develop effective communication, and to provide specific references for the best investment for the security of local residents.