垃圾焚烧过程中水分促燃脱氯效果的研究

分别在转式垃圾焚烧炉和固定床加热炉中,研究了水分对垃圾焚烧及钙基脱氯效果的影响.研究结果表明,垃圾焚烧过程中一定量水分的存在能促进垃圾焚烧效率,提高钙基氯剂的脱氯效率.同时,分析水分促进垃圾焚烧率和脱氯效果提高的原因,这是由于水分能强化焚烧过程的传质传热,能活化脱氯剂,改善脱氯剂的物理和化学性质,这些研究结果将为垃圾焚烧技术在我国的进一步推广提供科学依据.     

数值仿真在钱塘江引水入城工程水质预测中的应用

使用二维浅水波方程及传质模型,对工程前期排人钱塘江的废水中污染物的传播及分布进行预测,其预测结果可为工程排污口附近钱塘江水质保护对策制定提供依据。     

Effects of feed solutions on refuse hydrolysis and landfill leachate characteristics

Tap water, aerobically pre-treated leachate, and anaerobically pre-treated leachate, were each fed into the top of a series of three simulated landfills columns, filled with municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China. Changes in leachate, including pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and the produced biogas were monitored over time. The tap-water-fed columns had a low hydrolysis rate that yielded an acidic environment (pH 4.8-5.4) in the leachate that inhibited methanogenesis reaction in the refuse. When aerobically pre-treated leachate was fed into the columns, the hydrolysis rate of total organic carbon fluctuated between 200 and 400 mg d-1 and methanogenesis in the refuse column was only partly activated. The hydrolysis rate of refuse fed with anaerobically pre-treated leachate was the highest among the three solutions. The high alkaline levels of the anaerobically pre-treated leachate and its methanogenic bacteria led to an early activation of methanogenesis in the refuse columns. The VFAs contributed approximately 40-60% of TOC in tap-water-fed columns, 60-80% of TOC in the columns fed aerobically pre-treated leachate, and up to 70-90% of TOC in columns fed with anaerobically pre-treated leachate. The feed solution had considerably affected leachate characteristics, and then the build-up of the methanogenesis in the refuse column and the composition of fermentation products in the leachate. The success of a bioreactor landfill depends on whether the recycled leachate could yield a favorable methanogenic environment in the top refuse layer, or whether an appropriate pre-treatment is adopted to modify the leachate characteristics.     

改性火山岩滤料去除矿井水中铁锰离子影响因素研究

以改性火山岩滤料作为除铁除锰的滤料,通过对模拟矿井水的过滤试验,研究了滤速、pH值、滤层厚度及铁锰离子浓度对其除铁除锰效率的影响。结果表明：改性火山岩滤料能实现模拟矿井水中Mn²⁺的100%去除,效果明显优于未改性火山岩;最为合理的过滤滤速为7～8 m/h;除铁除锰的过程主要发生在滤层厚度为90 cm的上部滤层中;随着铁锰浓度的升高,改性火山岩滤料除铁的效率变化很小,除锰效率呈快速、线性降低;中性或偏碱性的环境有利于改性火山岩滤料充分发挥高效吸附去除能力。     

城市受污染疏浚底泥特性与作绿地用土的可行性分析

受污染河道疏浚底泥消纳是上海市环境治理中面临的问题之一。中、轻度污染的疏浚底泥用作绿地用土是具有资源化价值的底泥消纳适用途径,为分析此途径的可行性。选择上海市典型中度污染河道底泥作了植物生长相关理化性质和重金属污染特性(总量、浸出液浓度、分级提取比例分布)分析,并据此讨论了此类(中、轻度污染)疏浚底泥的绿地利用可行性,分析结果表明,中度污染河道疏浚底泥的植物相关特性为：速效植物养分含量高,但阳离子交换容量低;总溶解盐含量高,但苏打盐和氯化钠含量低：重金属总量和浸出液重金属浓度低于国家农用污泥污染物控制标准和危险废物鉴别标准——浸出毒性鉴别限值,但Pb和Cd的可交换态比例较高(24％和62％)。底泥综合理化性质的分析结果：中度以下污染程度的上海市河道疏浚污泥具有作绿地用土必须的植物相容性,可用作绿地用土：但底泥的保肥能力较差,作绿地用土初期宜种植速生、需肥量大的植物,以控制植物养分流失;对于重金属、尤其是可交换态比例高的重金属溶出造成的环境影响,宜采用底泥施用量控制等手段对其不利影响进行防治。     

陕西暴雨若干特征的综合分析

以1970年以来发生在陕西的暴雨、大暴雨为研究对象,使用高空及地面探测资料、卫星云图等监测信息,采用天气学分析、动力学诊断、数值模拟等方法,对陕西持续性暴雨、暴雨的高空和地面中尺度系统、暴雨中尺度对流系统(MCS)、近海台风对陕西暴雨的影响等多方面的特征进行了总结分析.加深了对青藏高原东部暴雨实例和理论的进一步认识和理...     

光催化氧化法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

研究了紫外光催化氧化法对垃圾填埋场滤渗液的降解机理,根据废水质的不同,考察了TiO2催化剂用量,pH值,通气量,反应时间,光照强度等因素对放心水中有机污染物和色度去除的最佳条件,用现场采集的渗滤液原水和氧化沟出水试验,CODcr去除率分别达到80．6％,77．3％,色度去除率分别为87．9％,83．3％。     

Application of Fe(VI) in abating contaminants in water: State of art and knowledge gaps

• The properties of Fe(VI) were summarized. • Both the superiorities and the limitations of Fe(VI) technologies were discussed. • Methods to improve contaminants oxidation/disinfection by Fe(VI) were introduced. • Future research needs for the development of Fe(VI) technologies were proposed. The past two decades have witnessed the rapid development and wide application of Fe(VI) in the field of water de-contamination because of its environmentally benign character. Fe(VI) has been mainly applied as a highly efficient oxidant/disinfectant for the selective elimination of contaminants. The in situ generated iron(III) (hydr)oxides with the function of adsorption/coagulation can further increase the removal of contaminants by Fe(VI) in some cases. Because of the limitations of Fe(VI) per se, various modified methods have been developed to improve the performance of Fe(VI) oxidation technology. Based on the published literature, this paper summarized the current views on the intrinsic properties of Fe(VI) with the emphasis on the self-decay mechanism of Fe(VI). The applications of Fe(VI) as a sole oxidant for decomposing organic contaminants rich in electron-donating moieties, as a bi-functional reagent (both oxidant and coagulant) for eliminating some special contaminants, and as a disinfectant for inactivating microorganisms were systematically summarized. Moreover, the difficulties in synthesizing and preserving Fe(VI), which limits the large-scale application of Fe(VI), and the potential formation of toxic byproducts during Fe(VI) application were presented. This paper also systematically reviewed the important nodes in developing methods to improve the performance of Fe(VI) as oxidant or disinfectant in the past two decades, and proposed the future research needs for the development of Fe(VI) technologies.     

Does the environmental inequality matter? A literature review

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The environmental inequality theory reveals that the risk of environmental pollution exposure varies among regions and groups and that particular groups face...     

加油站安全检查表

安全评价方法有很多种,每种评价方法都有其适用范围和应用条件.安全检查表法就是利用检查条款按照相关的标准、规范等对已知的危险类别、设计缺陷以及与一般工艺设备、操作、管理有关的潜在危险性和有害性进行判别检查.安全检查表分析可用于石化销售系统油库、加油站管理的各个阶段,在加油站、油库项目设计、施工、交工验收以及运营管理方面都比较实用,它是一种定性或者说半定量的安全评价方法,尤其适用于各种安全检查,包括班组安全检查、月度安全检查、季度安全检查、半年安全检查以及专项安全检查等.