加油站罐区防泄漏的控制

实现本质安全是政府和企业管理者不懈追求的目标,困扰实现本质安全的4个方面是:人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态、管理上的缺陷、有害作业环境.其中物的不安全状态和人的不安全行为是事故多发的主要元素,两者相互联系又互为因果.人的不安全行为、管理上的缺陷、有害作业环境可以通过技能培训、安全教育、制度的完善、加强管理、合理规划等行政手段来提高或改善.而物的不安全状态则受自然环境、技术、资金投入的限制,要实现本质安全必须使"物的状态"要有一个根本的改变.     

Transformation of carbon tetrachloride by bisulfide treated goethite, hematite, magnetite, and kaolinite

This study investigated the transformation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by goethite, hematite, magnetite, and kaolinite treated with bisulfide to form coatings of iron monosulfide (FeS) and other Fe(II) species. These coatings contribute to abiotic natural attenuation in anaerobic environments. Batch kinetic experiments were performed under anoxic conditions at pH 8.0. Surface-area-normalized pseudo-first-order rate constants for CT transformation did not differ significantly for the three HS- treated iron oxides, but the rate of CT transformation by bisulfide-treated kaolinite was significantly lower, most likely due to kaolinite's lower iron content. The yield of chloroform (CF) from CT transformation was typically approximately 1%. There was negligible or only slight adsorption of several natural organic matter (NOM) model compounds to the surface of HS- treated goethite, and these compounds had no influence on CT transformation rate constants or CF yields. Juglone, on the other hand, adsorbed to a greater extent, and also significantly influenced the CF yield, increasing it by a factor of approximately 20 for HS- treated hematite. We speculate that juglone or its HS- addition product adsorbed to the mineral surface and acted as a hydrogen atom donor that reacted with the trichloromethyl radical intermediate, increasing the CF yield.     

城镇基础设施与环境的关系

城镇基础设施与城市环境关系越来越紧密,主要从给排水、供暖、交通、园林绿地等4方面,对城镇基础设施与环境的内在联系进行了分析.     

中国仍应严格控制人口增长——论人口增长与经济增长的关系

在中国人均资源贫乏、人口对生态系统压力增大、经济落后、有效需求不足以及失业严重的情况下 ,人口过快增长既不能促进资本增长 ,也不能促进技术进步 ,它只能会减缓人均收入的提高。因此 ,为了促进人均收入的提高 ,必须尽可能降低人口增长速度     

Potential lung carcinogenicity induced by chronic exposure to PM2.5 in the rat

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may increase lung cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study explored...     

Environmental impact assessment on the construction and operation of municipal solid waste sanitary landfills in developing countries: China case study

An inventory of material and energy consumption during the construction and operation (C&O) of a typical sanitary landfill site in China was calculated based on Chinese industrial standards for landfill management and design reports. The environmental impacts of landfill C&O were evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA). The amounts of materials and energy used during this type of undertaking in China are comparable to those in developed countries, except that the consumption of concrete and asphalt is significantly higher in China. A comparison of the normalized impact potential between landfill C&O and the total landfilling technology implies that the contribution of C&O to overall landfill emissions is not negligible. The non-toxic impacts induced by C&O can be attributed mainly to the consumption of diesel used for daily operation, while the toxic impacts are primarily due to the use of mineral materials. To test the influences of different landfill C&O approaches on environmental impacts, six baseline alternatives were assessed through sensitivity analysis. If geomembranes and geonets were utilized to replace daily and intermediate soil covers and gravel drainage systems, respectively, the environmental burdens of C&O could be mitigated by between 2% and 27%. During the LCA of landfill C&O, the research scope or system boundary has to be declared when referring to material consumption values taken from the literature; for example, the misapplication of data could lead to an underestimation of diesel consumption by 60–80%.     

油田集油站泵房噪声的治理

通过对油田集油站泵房噪声污染现状及来源分析,提出噪声治理方案。经过噪声治理,集油站电机噪声平均降低至84dB(A),值班室噪声降低至58dB(A),达到GBJ 87-85《工业企业噪声控制设计规范》中的要求,治理后的降噪效果明显。     

WASP模型湖库水环境模拟国内外研究进展综述

WASP（The water quality analysis simulation program）模型是美国环保局（EPA）推荐使用的水质模型之一,数年来被广泛应用于各类水体的水质模拟、预测和决策制定.本文简述了WASP模型的基本原理,针对湖泊和水库较为相似的水环境特征,阐述了WASP模型在湖库水环境中应用的国内外进展,总结和分析了WASP模型的应用前景和不足之处,为进行湖库水环境模拟研究和模型的选用提供一定的参考依据.