Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for vitellogenin in Chinese loach (Misgurnus angaillicaudatus)

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantification of vitellogenin (Vtg) in the plasma of Chinese loach (Misgurnus angaillicaudatus). Vtg was isolated by anion exchange membrane chromatography from the plasma of 17beta-estradiol (E(2))-treated loach. Polyclonal antibody against Vtg was raised in rabbits, and the specificity of the antibody was assessed by Western blotting analysis. No cross-reactivity was observed with plasma from male loach. Plasma samples from vitellogenic females and E(2)-treated males were diluted parallel with the purified Vtg standard curve in the ELISA. The detection limit of the assay was 5.7 ng ml(-) (1) and a working range of the standard curve was between 15.6 and 1000 ng ml(-) (1). The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variations were 6.9% and 10.4%, respectively. The recovery was 104.4%. The assay was applied for measuring vitellogenin concentration in the plasma from 24 wild Chinese loach from Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in October 2003. It was found that, in addition to females (plasma Vtg concentration ranging from 518.4 microg ml(-) (1) to 1922.3 microg ml(-) (1)), male loach showed low plasma Vtg--from undetectable (two fish) to 2.9+/-0.7 microg ml(-) (1) (mean+/-S.D.). The results indicate that this method provides a valuable tool for the study of estrogenic effect in Chinese loach.     

原油及产品对藻类毒性影响研究

藻类具有种类繁多，个体小，生长繁殖迅速，对毒物的毒性敏感等特点，它长时间在水中生长，能客观地反映原油及产品对水体污染所产生的毒害综合效应。实验室中毒性研究通常采用纯种藻类培养来评价油的急性和早期毒性影响。经过实验室研究及原油泄漏现场调查研究表明：在含油的生态系统中油能刺激藻类的生长。在油污染过的水体中，原油中的轻烃和较易挥发的组分对藻类的毒性影响最大，原油泄漏的短期毒性影响和二次影响同等重要，油对藻类种群结构也具有重要的毒性影响。     

山东省近600年旱涝霜雹数据库和超长期预报系统研究

干旱、洪涝、霜冻、冰雹是山东省最主要的气象灾害,具有频率高、范围广、灾情重等特征。通过对历史资料的整理、编码和输入,建立了山东省近600年旱涝霜雹数据库、近40年降水数据库和预报因子数据库,并编制了数据管理和分析软件包,在国际著名的SAS统计分析系统基础上,建立了山东省旱涝霜雹超长期预报系统。本文简要论述灾害数据库和预报系统建立的技术方法及系统应用的初步结果。     

林火行为预测预报专家系统

在针对我国大兴安岭林区典型可燃物进行实验的基础上,参考美国北方林火实验室编制的BEHAVE程序中的数学模型,提出了一整套估算森林地表火火行为特征量的表达式。在此基础上,通过交互式窗口技术、字符型汉字技术和专家系统原理,建立了“林火行为预测预报专家系统”。该系统在输入现场可燃物分布特性参数及相应的地形条件和气象条件后,即能迅速预测火蔓延过程中不同时间段的火行为特征量的值。与野外试验的结果对比表明,预测的结果是合理、可靠的。     

Importance of storage time in mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste

Storage was used as a pretreatment to enhance the methanization performance of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. Food wastes were separately stored for 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 12 days, and then fed into a methanogenic reactor for a biochemical methane potential(BMP) test lasting up to 60 days. Relative to the methane production of food waste stored for 0–1 day(285–308 m L/g-added volatile solids(VSadded)), that after2–4 days and after 5–12 days of storage increased to 418–530 and 618–696 m L/g-VSadded,respectively. The efficiency of hydrolysis and acidification of pre-stored food waste in the methanization reactors increased with storage time. The characteristics of stored waste suggest that methane production was not correlated with the total hydrolysis efficiency of organics in pre-stored food waste but was positively correlated with the storage time and acidification level of the waste. From the results, we recommend 5–7 days of storage of food waste in anaerobic digestion treatment plants.     

一种沉淀法处理生活垃圾渗滤液的研究

生活垃圾渗滤液来源于生活垃圾的含水和地表径流和地下水的浸入。渗滤液是一种高浓度的有机废水。与工业废物一起填埋的垃圾渗滤液中还含有较多的重金属,垃圾浸滤液一旦控制不当,将会污染地下水,甚至对人体健康造成危害。目前研究垃圾浸滤液的方法已经成为水处理研究的热点,但研究生活垃圾浸出液中氨氮的去除比较少。本文首先介绍研究磷酸铵镁沉淀去除氨氮的原理,接下来讨论了磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮的各种因素,分析了各种最佳条件的形成。在去除氨氮同时,对重金属也有很好的去除效果。磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除氨氮同时形成的是一种重要复合肥料。MAP法可降低垃圾渗滤液中COD浓度,改善其可生化性,并具有对NH3-N去除率高,无二次污染,受温度影响很小等特点。     

缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

采用内填弹性立体填料的缺氧━好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水，试验效果良好。当总水力停留时间≥３５．２ｈ，ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ＿３─Ｎ的去除率分别这８２％和９６％以上，出水浓度均达到国家排放标准。     

山一村农业生态系统营养物质循环

本文研究了浙江省萧山市山一村农业生态系统中农田、山地和水域３个子系统的氮、磷、钾养分循环。结果表明：该村土壤有机质含量属较高水平，无机氮肥施用量偏大，流失量也较大，磷的总投入量远低于总输出量，钾的输入量也偏低；水体属富营养型，鱼的生长系数仅２．９６。     

大气气溶胶无机组成的FTIR测定及与离子色谱分析的比较

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪，固体制样方式，对北京市中关村地区的气溶胶样品中的无机组成进行了分析，并对气溶胶样品中的ＳＯ４＾２－，ＮＨ４＾＋和ＮＯ３＾－进行了定量测定，为检验ＦＴＩＲ测定法的可靠性，将ＦＴＩＲ法与离子色谱的测定结果进行了对照分析，结果表明，ＳＯ４＾２－和ＮＨ４＾的ＦＴＩＲ测定结果与离子色谱有较好的相关性。     

复合人工湿地在处理生活污水中的应用研究

通过对石家庄机械化步兵学院人工湿地污水处理系统、工艺特点和运行结果进行分析，得出人工湿地系统运行水质变化、植物特性和湿地结构的一些规律及存在的问题。