脱氮副球菌YF1微生物燃料电池生物阴极脱氮和产电

以脱氮副球菌YF1构建纯种生物阴极微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)进行脱氮和产电机理的研究。研究结果发现,阴极碳氮比、pH值对产电和脱氮效率有明显影响。当MFC的阴极运行条件pH值为8.0,碳氮比为20时,运行时间15 h时,脱氮率高达100%,输出电压为150 mV。上述结果表明,微生物燃料电池运行过程中,细菌降解硝酸根的机理为将硝酸根还原为N2或者直接将其作为自身的营养物质而利用。循环伏安(CV)与扫描电镜(SEM)的结果表明,在微生物燃料电池运行中,副球菌YF1通过接触导电作为产电的电子供体。     

抗侵蚀型生态沟渠构建及其稻田应用效果

根据沟渠水力学和工程力学特征,通过引进三维植物网护坡技术,构建了一种抗侵蚀型稻田生态沟渠,横断面0.9 m2,沟壁和沟底水生植物覆盖度分别为62.8%和35.3%,沟壁抗坡面侵蚀强度较土质沟渠可提高2倍以上,在优化污染物拦截去除功能的同时,大大延长了其使用寿命。稻田应用实验表明,径流排水停留时间超过48 h后,SS、TN和TP去除率分别达59.5%、57.8%和45.3%,配置比例按照1 hm2水稻田配300 m该型生态沟渠实施,则超过80%以上的稻田径流排水能够得到有效处理。该型生态沟渠工程造价约245元/m,接近传统混凝土排水渠单价,经近2年的运行观测,沟渠系统结构稳定,净化植物长势良好。     

Adsorptive separation of cadmium from aqueous solutions and wastewaters by riverbed sand

Application of riverbed sand for the adsorptive separation of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions has been investigated. Removal increased from 26.8 to 56.4% by decreasing the initial concentration of cadmium from 7.5 x 10(-5) to 1.0 x 10(-5)M at pH 6.5, 25 degrees C temperature, agitation speed of 100 rpm, 100 microm particle size and 1.0 x 10(-2) NaClO4 ionic strength. Process of separation is governed by first order rate kinetics. The value of rate constant of adsorption, k(ad), was found to be 2.30 x 10(-2)per min at 25 degrees C. Values of coefficient of mass transfer, beta L, were calculated and its value at 25 degrees C was found to be 1.92 x 10(-2)cm/s. Values of Langmuir constant were calculated. Values of thermodynamic parameters delta G0, delta H0 and delta S0 were also calculated and were recorded as -0.81 kcal/mol, -9.31 kcal/mol and -28.10 cal/mol at 25 degrees C. pH has been found to affect the removal of cadmium significantly and maximum removal, 58.4%, has been found at pH 8.5. Process can be used for treatment of cadmium(II) rich wastewaters.     

SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对沸石进行改性,改性后的沸石对结晶紫溶液进行吸附,以紫外可见分光光度计分析最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,在30℃,SDS改性沸石投入量为0．25g;吸附平衡时间为1h;pH为8的条件下,对含50mg／L结晶紫染料的去除率可达到92．6％,吸附量达到4．63mg／g。SDS改性沸石吸附结晶紫的等温吸附曲线与Henry型和Freundlich型均拟合较好。热力学参数计算结果表明,吸附符合自发吸热过程。     

PM2.5 concentration declining saves health expenditure in China

● Monthly hospitalization expenses are sensitive to increases in PM_2.5 exposure. ● The increased PM_2.5 causes patients with CHD and LRI to stay longer in the hospital. ● The impact of PM_2.5 on total expenses for stroke is greater in southern China. ● Males may be more sensitive to air pollution than females. Air pollution has been a severe issue in China. Exposure to PM_2.5 has adverse health effects and causes economic losses. This study investigated the economic impact of exposure to PM_2.5 pollution using monthly city-level data covering 88.5 million urban employees in 2016 and 2017. This study mainly focused on three expenditure indicators to measure the economic impact considering lower respiratory infections (LRIs), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. The results show that a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 would cause total monthly expenses of LRIs, CHD, and stroke to increase by 0.226%, 0.237%, and 0.374%, respectively. We also found that LRI, CHD, and stroke hospital admissions increased significantly by 10%, 8.42%, and 5.64%, respectively. Furthermore, the total hospital stays of LRIs, CHDs, and strokes increased by 2.49%, 2. 51%, and 1.64%, respectively. Our findings also suggest heterogeneous impacts of PM_2.5 exposures by sex and across regions, but no statistical evidence shows significant differences between the older and younger adult subgroups. Our results provide several policy implications for reducing unequal public health expenditures in overpolluted countries.     

紫外光在臭氧降解不同有机物过程中的协同作用

利用O3／UV分别对与臭氧有不同反应活性的对氯苯酚、硝基苯、乙酸和草酸进行了降解试验,结果表明,UV与臭氧化降解的协同作用与目标有机物本身的性质有很大关系,在本实验条件下,UV与臭氧的联用反而降低了对氯苯酚的臭氧化降解效率,30min后体系的TOC去除率仅有59％,而单独臭氧化TOC的去除率达到了66％;对硝基苯和草酸而言,UV均明显地提高了臭氧的降解效率,40min时两者TOC的去除率分别为44％和90％,比单独臭氧化处理分别高出了6％和33％;但是,O3／UV对乙酸几乎无降解活性．在这4种有机物的单独臭氧化降解过程中,除对氯苯酚外,水中均可检测到溶解臭氧．以上的实验结果表明,目标有机物对紫外光的吸收及单独臭氧化过程水中溶解臭氧的存在是O3／UV降解效率提高的必要条件．除UV对目标有机物的活化作用外,降解过程的中间产物H2O2也是O3／UV降解效率提高的一个重要因素,UV分解溶解臭氧在此过程可能仅起了辅助作用。     

Capacity and degree of iodine absorbed and enriched by vegetable from soil

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｏｄｉｎｅｉｓａｋｅｙｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｎｇｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎｂｏｄｙ.Ｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｓｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓ,ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｓｅｎｅｒｇｙｃｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ ,ｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｓｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌｎｅｒｖｏｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ａｎｄｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｓｎｏｒｍａｌｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ ,ｏｎｃｅｔｈｅ…     

国内外石油公司甲烷排放差异性分析及启示

甲烷排放管控是国际石油公司推动低碳能源转型的一项重要举措,也是达成净零碳排放愿景的一个重要手段。研究发现,国内外石油公司的油气生产活动水平、甲烷排放控制水平、甲烷排放核算方法等3个方面均存在较大差异性。我国油井单井产量低,地面工程量大、工艺复杂,流程工艺中甲烷排放突出,油气系统甲烷排放水平较高,油气生产甲烷排放控制水平与国外石油公司相比尚有较大差距,与国外甲烷排放核算方法也存在较大差异性。着眼于甲烷排放管控,我国石油公司应充分衡量甲烷排放现状、生产活动水平、甲烷排放控制措施经济性和适用性等多重因素,严格控制潜在甲烷排放节点,并进一步做好甲烷排放检测、监测和数据统计工作,持续完善甲烷排放报告和核查体系。     

重金属在牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica)中的生物积累及其影响因素的研究

牡蛎软体、贝壳和沉积物中Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｐｂ和Ｚｎ等重金属元素被同步分析研究．研究结果表明，重金属在牡蛎中的生物积累是牡蛎自身的新陈代谢、重金属元素的地球化学性质和环境诸因素综合影响的结果，其中牡蛎的生理作用对重金属在软体中的积累所产生的影响尤为重要，而贝壳中重金属的积累对来自环境的影响更为敏感．     

浅水型湖泊蓝藻水华预警监测工作的思考

浅水型湖泊的富营养化进程不断加快,呈现出蓝藻水华暴发现象是逐年增加的。太湖作为长江中下游地区典型的浅水型湖泊更因近年来蓝藻水华频发的态势引起了政府和社会的广泛关注。为确保太湖地区饮水安全,提高政府应对蓝藻水华的能力,对太湖蓝藻水华进行预警监测是判断其发展趋势以及制定相应对策的重要手段。着力分析和总结了太湖蓝藻水华预警监测工作的主要内容,从预警监测工作的统筹、预警监测体系的建立、技术分析、预警监测的启动、分级与评价、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止到预警监测的保障机制等,以利于同行们更好地应对浅水型湖泊蓝藻水华的发生。