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41.
Guangzhou has ambitions to build itself into a world class metropolis by 2010. Sustainable development is the only way to achieve this magnificent goal. Based on the ecological perspective of sustainable development and the principles of ecosystem integrity, this paper develops an approach for evaluation of sustainable development in Guangzhou between 1986 and 1995. A hierarchical evaluation system of four tiers of sustainability indicators was established. Using the method of fuzzy multistage synthetic evaluation, sustainability development level index, QIx, was calculated for the indicators at the B, C, D, and E tiers. Development stages were identified based on these index values. The coordination degree among the economic, social, and natural subsystems was also computed. Further, an overall sustainability index for each year was computed by combining the development level index and the coordination degree. It was found that the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou had generally become more sustainable, in spite of fluctuations in coordination degree. The development level index of the economic subsystem has surpassed that of social and natural subsystems since 1995. Appropriate measures must be taken to ensure coordinated development among the subsystems for the purpose of sustainable development. 相似文献
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Acrylamide (AA) is a potential human carcinogen, genotoxicant, and neurotoxicant. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the ability of mercapto flavor compounds to remove AA released from consumer packaging into food products. Four mercapto flavor compounds including 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1-butanethiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and 2-furanmethanethiol were employed to extract AA in model system using high temperature and low humidity. Our study showed that mercaptans were effective in eliminating AA in our model system. In order to remove 0.2 μmol AA, the optimal conditions in the reaction system were mercaptan flavor chemicals at 5 μmol, temperature 180 °C, and reaction time 25 min. In the presence of a higher pH, the greater was the amount of AA eliminated. Evidence indicates that employment of mercapto flavor chemicals under certain temperature and pH conditions is a reliable method to remove any unwanted AA from food products. 相似文献
43.
长江中游近岸表层沉积物重金属污染特征分析及风险评估 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了探究长江中游近岸沉积物中重金属污染情况,2020年6月对长江中游14个采样断面的沉积物进行样品采集并测定沉积物中汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)和锌(Zn)等7种重金属元素的含量.首先分析了长江中游近岸表层沉积物重金属含量的空间分布特征,然后采用相关性分析方法(CA)、主成分分析法(PCA)和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)相结合的途径分析表层沉积物中重金属的来源,最后采用地累积指数法(Igeo)、潜在生态风险指数法(RI)和沉积物质量基准法(SQG)对重金属进行了风险评价.结果显示,Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn的平均含量分别为0.13、0.77、11.20、36.45、36.40、83.99和124.21 mg·kg-1,其中Cd和Pb的平均含量超过背景值的1.72和1.35倍;PCA提取了前3个主成分(累积贡献率85.16%),结合CA结果显示重金属Cd、As、Cu、Pb和Zn来源一致,Hg和Cr来源一致;PMF模型将7种重金属元素的污染源分成3个因子并得到因子的贡献率,并且工业和生活废水、煤炭燃烧、采矿业3个因子的综合贡献率为41.96%、32.48%和25.55%;地累积指数法(Igeo)评价结果显示,Cd是主要重金属污染物,处于轻度污染程度等级,Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn等6种重金属元素处于无污染等级;潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,Hg的最高风险等级为中等生态风险等级,位于城陵矶和新厂采样点,Cd的最高风险等级为强生态风险等级,位于牯牛沙水道和武汉上采样点,As、Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn在14个采样断面均属于低生态风险等级.综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)为62.59~138.59,其中处于低微和中度风险等级的采样点分别占总采样点的71.43%(10个采样点)和28.57%(4个采样点),整体上长江中游干流污染不严重;沉积物质量基准法(SQG)评价结果显示,长江中游沉积物等级为Ⅰ级,定性评价为优,显示长江中游14个采样断面的沉积物对底栖生物没有毒性作用.综合以上结果,长江中游重金属污染不严重,Cd为重点防治的重金属元素. 相似文献
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46.
探讨了有机物特性及中间产物H2O2在催化臭氧化中的作用。结果表明,有机物在自由基链反应过程中的特性直接影响催化臭氧化的降解效率。当目标有机物是对链反应具有促进作用的甲酸时,自由基引发反应可以明显提高甲酸的臭氧化效率。当目标有机物是对自由基链反应具有抑制剂作用的乙酸时,O3和Fe^2+/O3对乙酸有着相似的降解效率。以上结果表明,自由基引发反应并不是臭氧化降解效率提高的充分条件。另外,当臭氧化过程有H2O2产生时,必须考虑类Fenton反应对臭氧化效率的影响。 相似文献
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In recent years, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has been widely used. However, PBAT-degrading bacteria have rarely been reported. PBAT-degrading bacteria were isolated from farmland soil and identified. The effects of growth factors on the degradation of PBAT and the lipase activity of PBAT-degrading bacteria were assessed. The degradation mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that Stenotrophomonas sp. YCJ1 had a significant degrading effect on PBAT. Under certain conditions, the strain could secrete 10.53 U/mL of lipase activity and degrade 10.14 wt.% of PBAT films. The strain secreted lipase to catalyze the degradation of the ester bonds in PBAT, resulting in the production of degradation products such as terephthalic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and adipic acid. Furthermore, the degradation products could participate in the metabolism of YCJ1 as carbon sources to facilitate complete degradation of PBAT, indicating that the strain has potential value for the bioremediation of PBAT in the environment. 相似文献
49.
Han Xiaolong Jin Yujuan Wang Bohua Tian Huafeng Weng Yunxuan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(2):461-471
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Polypropylene carbonate (PPC)/polybutylene succinate (PBS) blends were prepared by melt-blending with terminal epoxy-based hyperbranched polymers (EHBP) as... 相似文献
50.
Xiujuan Chen Yunqiu Liu Gordon Huang Chunjiang An Renfei Feng Yao Yao Wendy Huang Shuqing Weng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):153