超临界二氧化碳萃取－GC／MS测定土壤中的多环芳烃

本文开发了一种采用超临界二氧化碳萃取土壤中多环芳烃、不须经过纯化步骤,直接可用于ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析的简便、高效的方法。本实验中超临界革取的流体是二氧化碳,改善剂是５％的二氯甲烷／甲醇,萃取温度为１２０℃、压力为３４ＭＰａ。ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析时除了采用外标外,还加入了６种同位素ＰＡＨｓ内标以校正各段ＰＡＨｓ的响应因子。采用本方法成功地测定了我国未开垦森林土壤中的ＰＡＨｓ。     

孤岛落地油泥制备改性沥青及其性能

以油田油泥与基质沥青为实验原材料,采用高速剪切方法制备油田油泥改性沥青,通过针入度、软化点、延度、运动黏度和离析软化点差等表征方法,研究孤岛落地油泥对沥青高低温性能、加工性能和储存稳定性的影响。结果表明：活性中间体与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)添加量(质量分数)分别为15%与4%时,孤岛落地油泥改性沥青的针入度比基质沥青降低0.4 mm,软化点比基质沥青提高24 ℃,运动黏度为0.28 Pa·s,离析软化点差(165 ℃,48 h)为0.3 ℃,其各项指标均同时满足橡胶沥青评价指标要求和SBS沥青评价指标要求;加入适量的油泥可提高沥青的低温抗裂性能,改善加工性能,而对沥青储存稳定性无明显影响。     

响应面法优化酵母菌处理餐饮废水

从餐饮废水集水井壁上的生物膜中筛选出酵母菌菌株,选择废水降解能力相对较高的3株酵母菌对餐饮废水进行处理。以COD去除率为主要指标,在单因素实验的基础上,运用响应面法对pH、TN和TP进行优化,得到酵母菌处理餐饮废水的最优条件。结果表明,酵母菌处理餐饮废水最优的工艺条件为pH=5.55、TN=27.63 mg/L、TP=4.40 mg/L,COD去除率达到90.3%;当进水COD为2 235 mg/L、油为660. 2 mg/L时,COD与油实际去除率分别达到了89.9%和89.8%。     

Review on synthesis of three-dimensional graphene skeletons and their absorption performance for oily wastewater

Water pollution is a global environmental problem that affects the ecosystem severely. Treatment of oily wastewater and organic pollutants is a major challenge that waits to be solved as soon as possible. Adsorbing is one of the most effective strategies to deal with this problem. Three-dimensional (3D) porous adsorbents made of graphene or graphene-based nanomaterials skeletons had attracted more attention in wastewater treatment because of their large surface area, high porosity, low density, high chemical/thermal stability, and steady mechanical properties, which allow different pollutants to easily access and diffuse into 3D networks of adsorbents. This work presents an extensive summarization of recent progress in the synthesis methodologies and microstructures of 3D graphene foams and 3D graphene-based foams and highlights their adsorption performance for oils and organic solvents. Advantages and disadvantages of various preparation strategies are compared and the corresponded structures of these skeletons are studied in detail. Furthermore, the effects of the structures on oil-adsorption properties are analyzed and some data and parameters of the oil-adsorption properties are listed and studied for easier comparison. At last, the future research directions and technical challenges are prospected, which is hoped that the researchers will be inspired to develop the new graphene-based adsorbents.

     

Annual migrations,diving behavior,and thermal biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus thynnus</Emphasis>, on their Gulf of Mexico breeding grounds

Electronic tags were used to examine the biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) on their breeding grounds in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The hypothesis that movement patterns, diving behavior, and thermal biology change during different stages of the breeding migration was tested. Mature Atlantic bluefin tuna tagged in the western Atlantic and the GOM, were on their breeding grounds from February to June for an average of 39 ± 11 days. The bluefin tuna experienced significantly warmer mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) within the GOM (26.4 ± 1.6°C) than outside the GOM (20.2 ± 1.9°C). As the bluefin tuna entered and exited the GOM, the fish dove to daily maximum depths of 568 ± 50 and 580 ± 144 m, respectively, and exhibited directed movement paths to and from the localized breeding areas. During the putative breeding phase, the bluefin tuna had significantly shallower daily maximum depths (203 ± 76 m), and exhibited shallow oscillatory dives during the night. The movement paths of the bluefin tuna during the breeding phase were significantly more residential and sinuous. The heat transfer coefficients (K) were calculated for a bluefin tuna in the GOM using the recorded ambient and body temperatures. The K for this fish increased rapidly at the high ambient temperatures encountered in the GOM, and was significantly higher at night in the breeding phase when the fish was exhibiting shallow oscillatory dives. This suggests that the fish were behaviorally and physiologically thermoregulating in the Gulf of Mexico. This study demonstrates that the movement patterns, diving behavior, and thermal biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna change significantly at different stages of the breeding migration and can be used to define spawning location and timing. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

臭氧与TiO2/UV协同降解对氯苯酚

利用O3／UV、TiO2／UV和O3／TiO2／UV降解对氯苯酚表明，臭氧与TiO2／UV具有明显的协同作用，如在本实验条件下降解5min后，上述3者对对氯苯酚的去除率分别为55％、10％和77%。O3／TiO2／UV协同作用的本质是由于臭氧能带走二氧化钛光致电子空穴对中的电子，从而产生了更多的羟基自由基，加速了有机物的降解。     

环境激素污染研究进展及污染防治

环境激素具有类雌激素活性 ,能对生物和人体的内分泌机能造成影响 ;环境激素污染可导致各种生物的生殖功能下降和生殖器免疫力降低 ,并引起各种生理异常。本文对国内外环境重金属激素和有机激素的研究进行了综述 ,并总结了防治环境激素污染的主要技术手段 ;指出环境激素致毒生物化学机理研究、环境激素在环境介质中的迁移 转化 积累的行为研究、环境激素容量分析以及环境激素物质的进一步筛选是国际环境科学领域的重要研究方向和前沿领域。     

Distribution of heavy metals in the Grand Canal (Hangzhou section) and its contributing factors

ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅＧｒａｎｄＣａｎａｌ（Ｈａｎｇｚｈｏｕｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ）ａｎｄｉｔｓｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒｓＷｅｎｇＨｕａｎｘｉｎ，ＺｈａｎｇＤｅｎｇｒｏｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥａｒｔｈ...     

大口径薄壁无缝铝管变薄旋压工艺

介绍采用离心铸坯——变薄旋压方法制作大口径薄壁铝管的工艺.包括简要工艺流程、特点、适用范围等.该工艺为解决国内大口径薄壁无缝铝管提供了新的途径.