火电厂烟道的优化分析

以某电厂2×1 000 MW机组的引增段烟道为例,基于CFD模拟软件开展了烟道系统的优化分析,优化后降低了系统压损122 Pa,年节约运行费用约35万元,投资回收期为0.57 a。优化后的方案较原方案大大降低了系统的磨损及振动,有利于电厂的安全可靠运行。     

A review of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative brominated flame retardants in wildlife from China: Levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics

Accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and unregulated disposal of waste of electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in China have caused environmental pollution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This review summarized the levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other potential alternative BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-dibromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in wildlife from China. PBDE levels in wildlife from China were generally higher than those from other parts in Asia, and were comparable to those from Europe but were lower than those from North America. However, wildlife from the e-waste recycling sites in South China and East China contained much higher PBDEs compared to other reports around the world, suggesting the heavy contamination of PBDEs in these regions. The alternative BFRs were also detected in wildlife, revealing that the animals are exposed to these chemicals, in addition to PBDEs. Temporal trends indicated by levels in marine mammals from South China suggested that PBDE levels increased from the beginning of 1990s to 2000s, but decreased from the middle of 2000s, followed by relatively steady levels. In contrast, HBCDs were found to be continuously increasing from 1997 to 2007, indicating the increasing usage of HBCDs in China in recent years. Compared to PBDE profiles found in other parts, aquatic species and birds from China contained relatively higher contributions of BDE-28 and 209, respectively, suggesting the possible different usage pattern of PBDEs. Future works including keeping monitoring at a reasonable scale and frequency to make sure levels near urban centers indicative of population do not increase are needed. Additionally, focus effort on e-waste recycling regions to look for impacts and to determine if regulation/controls are resulting in lower environmental contamination, and incorporation of sentinel species in monitoring efforts are recommended.     

长江三角洲的的生产力布局、基础设施与城市发展

随着社会经济的发展，长江三角洲的生产力布局也发生相应的变化，针对其现状特征和发展动向，论述了生产力布局的基本框架以及相关的基础设施、城市发展等问题。     

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrane to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water andwere innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic comoounds( HOCs).     

化工项目的环境风险评价探析——以甲基丙烯酸甲酯工程为例

风险评价是化工项目环境影响评价的重点工作之一,结合对MMA生产过程中工艺过程及产污环节进行解析,了解原辅料及主副产品的理化特性,通过对工程潜在的环境风险环节进行识别和风险类型确定,从而科学准确地进行风险源项分析,以故障树方式确定事故发生的最大概率,进而完成各种事故状态下的后果影响分析,并根据事故产生的后果,提出防范和减缓事故发生后的风险,从组织措施、技术措施等诸多方面提出风险管理方案和应急防范预案,来保障事故一旦发生对环境的影响降低到最小程度.     

徐州市近年来大气降尘变化规律及趋势

大气降尘是城市大气环境监测的重要内容之一,其值可作为空气质量的指标。目前,对降尘数据的有效分析和利用尚处于研究阶段,国家也无明确、统一的评价标准,这为研究和评价城市大气污染状况,制定改善城市生活环境的具体措施带来了一定的困难。本文根据徐州市多年监测的降尘数据,对徐州市市区及近郊的降尘量进行了分析统计,找出了徐州市近11年来降尘的总体变化规律;利用方差分析检验了不同季节降尘的显著性差异,发现春季降尘量最大;找出了不同功能区的降尘变化规律,发现工业区的降尘量最大。最后根据秩相关系数对其进行了趋势分析,结果表明,徐州市的降尘呈下降趋势。     

论大气环境污染与人体肺癌发生率

大气环境污染和人体肺癌发生率密切相关。工业和交通排放大气污染物、厨房污染、吸烟、复印机和居室装饰等造成的大气环境污染过程均能造成居民肺癌发病率的上升。应通过控制工业污染、改变能源结构、戒烟及绿化造林等措施加以解决。     

气象因素对泉州臭氧的影响

利用泉州城区2017年全年连续观测的O_3和气象要素资料,统计了臭氧浓度的分布特征,分析了气象要素对O_3质量浓度的影响,对比了O_3超标日和非超标日的气象要素特征。结果表明:(1)泉州市O_3质量浓度月变化呈双峰形,春季最高,夏季最低;日变化呈单峰形,最大值出现在13:00—14:00,最小值出现在06:00—07:00,上下游站O_3浓度存在明显传输效应。(2)泉州O_3质量浓度与相对湿度呈负相关,其相关性最高;与风速呈正相关,其相关系数最低,且存在明显区位性差异;与气温的相关性比较复杂,既有正相关,也有负相关。(3)各站点O_3小时质量浓度超标时,均对应2个气象要素区间值。(4)对比污染日非污染日发现,污染日相对湿度较低(50%～60%),非污染日较高(70%～80%);污染日温度略低于非污染日;污染日风向总体为西南偏南,非污染日风向为西南-东南。     

Study on substrate metabolism process of saline waste sludge and its biological hydrogen production potential

With the increasing of high saline waste sludge production, the treatment and utilization of saline waste sludge attracted more and more attention. In this study, the biological hydrogen production from saline waste sludge after heating pretreatment was studied. The substrate metabolism process at different salinity condition was analyzed by the changes of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and dissolved organic matters (DOM). The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) was also used to investigate the effect of salinity on EPS and DOM composition during hydrogen fermentation. The highest hydrogen yield of 23.6 mL H₂/g VSS and hydrogen content of 77.6% were obtained at 0.0% salinity condition. The salinity could influence the hydrogen production and substrate metabolism of waste sludge.

     

处理焦化废水中难生物降解的有机毒物的研究

研究了Fenton试剂(H₂O₂+Fe2+)在紫外光(UV)幅照下,氧化处理焦化废水中难被生物降解的有机毒物的可行性,并对反应条件进行了优化,结果表明此法对焦化废水中包括多环芳烃(PAH)的所有有机毒物都有较强的去除能力。但如何降低处理费用,有待进一步工作。