鞘细菌FC9901氧化铁生化机制的研究

本文对分离到的鞘细菌菌株FC990 1氧化铁的生化机制进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,该菌株的营养类型为化能有机营养型 ,其能源主要来自有机碳源的氧化 ,并不能从Fe2 + 氧化过程中获取能量。活性定位研究和 pH、温度、抑制剂试验结果表明 ,该铁氧化活性物质是酶 ,而且是一种胞外酶。铁的生物学氧化属于酶学催化过程 ,并遵守酶的动力学。     

浅析绿色社区创建措施——以长沙市芙蓉区国家级绿色社区为例

随着我国经济建设的发展，生态环境受到了一定程度的破坏，环境污染成为制约城市发展的重要问题。国家颁布文件要求全国环境保护重点城市要逐步开展创建“绿色社区”活动，培养公众良好的环境伦理道德规范，促进良好社会风尚的形成。生态学在城市社区规划和建设中的应用为社区研究提供了指导思想和理论依据。绿色社区的创建工作在全国已经蔚然成风，关于绿色社区的研究在国内外逐渐兴起，成为建筑界、城市生态学研究的热点，由于它平衡了环境保护和人类社会经济发展之间的关系．被认为是可持续发展理论在城市发展中有效可行的具体应用。本文分析了绿色社区的基本内涵，指出绿色社区以可持续发展思想为指导，体现“人与自然和谐共生”的思想，具有整体性、长期性和地域性的特点，进而阐明长沙市芙蓉区绿色社区的创建情况，最后探讨了绿色社区的创建措施和途径。     

酸性多糖微生物絮凝剂的提取、纯化与分析

对一株链球菌发酵获得的絮凝活性物质进行了分离和提取,并应用DEAE-Sephadex A25,Sephdarose 4B凝胶色谱柱从发酵液中提取活性物质并纯化.通过薄层色谱、气相色谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱、元素分析等表征,初步推测了其主要成分为酸性多糖,其中多糖含量(73%)、糖醛酸含量(20.6%)、多糖分子量为4.3×105,可能还有少量氨基或短肽结构.     

粤东花岗岩流域覆盖型风化壳风化特征比较

为了对比在同种基岩与气候背景下,相邻花岗岩流域风化壳的风化程度,借助粒度组成、pH值和磁化率等实验方法,测定了粤东榕江和漯河流域阶地上发育的冲积物覆盖型风化壳.数据结果说明,螺河流域发育的该类型风化壳的风化程度强于榕江流域阶地上发育的该类型风化壳.粒度组成还表明,两流域该类型风化壳具有在<2μm粒级含量上冲积层大于基座风化壳的特征.两个流域风化壳粒度组成差别的原因是两个流域不同的剥蚀速率,榕江流域剥蚀速率较快.pH值在冲积物覆盖型风化壳剖面上呈现三低两高间隔出现的规律.螺河流域风化壳磁化率低于榕江流域是由局部的地貌条件决定,磁化率在粤东地区该类型风化壳的指示意义不准确.     

聚丙烯酰胺降解菌的分离和鉴定

三次采油产生的大量含聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的污水急需处理,其核心问题是PAM的生物化学降解。文章叙述了从含聚合物油田污水中分离到七株PAM降解菌的过程,并对其营养物体系进行了初步研究及分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,分离到的七株菌可以以PAM为唯一氮源和碳源进行生长,但是生长速度较慢,添加液蜡或酵母膏等可导致微生物菌群的共代谢,能加快PAM的生物降解。七株菌分别归类于放线杆菌纲和α-变形菌纲及芽孢杆菌,与数据库中已知菌的同源性均超过98%。     

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4 Sequences Detected in Sewage from Treatment Plants of China

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in sewage samples in Shen Zhen, China. Sewage samples were collected from 152 sewage plants including livestock sewage, domestic sewage and treated sewage from May to July of 2015. Two of 152 samples were HEV positive (1.32%) from the livestock sewage plants. Partial ORF2 fragments of HEV were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA5.1. Blast and phylogenetic analyses showed that both of these two sequences belonged to HEV Genotype 4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the molecular characterization of HEV in wastewater in China and the first time to detect Genotype 4 in the sewage. Results from this study indicate that the possibilities of sporadic infections of HEV should be emphasized because virus still has the possibility to be circulating in the sewage in China.     

农村污水处理技术综述

当前,农村污水污染是农村环境污染的主要表现,农村污水污染已对农村地区的水体、土地等自然环境产生严重影响,为确保农村水源安全和农民身体健康,农村污水治理刻不容缓。本文通过归纳和分析国内外农村污水处理技术及其特点,提出了适合中国国情的农村污水实用处理技术。从可持续发展、清洁生产和节能减排的角度来考虑,针对中国农村地区资金短缺、能源不足的情况,采取一次性投资低、能耗低、运行稳定、运行费用低、维护管理方便的实用技术是解决中国农村污水污染问题的主要途径。     

埋地式无动力污水处理装置在北方地区的应用

埋地式无动力污水处理装置是建设部和国家环保总局确认的新型实用专利技术[1],其特点是处理效果好、占地少、建设成本小、运行费用低,特别适用于分散区域的生活污水处理,在江苏、湖北、广东等南方地区得到广泛应用,本文就该技术在北方寒冷地区处理分散的生活污水效果进行了深入的研究,并取得了满意的效果,对减轻分散排放的生活污水对地表水体的污染具有积极的意义。     

压裂返排液处理系统降污方案设计

泌页HF1井是河南油田承钻的中国石化第一口页岩油气水平井,为避免压裂返排液对环境造成污染同时又不加大联合站正常的污水处理系统负荷,单独对其进行了处理.处理方案设计为:“500 m3接收池+处理撬块一(聚结斜板沉降罐)+处理撬块二(过滤装置)+200 m3玻璃钢储水罐+增压泵提升”处理工艺,处理规模为500 m3/d.设计出水水质为:pH值:6～7,合油≤10 mg/L,悬浮物≤10 mg/L.该方案储水设施密闭,有利于处理后污水水质的稳定.实践表明:污水处理后全部用于回注或集中处理,不再外排;污油全部作为商品油回收;污泥收集后进行集中处理.通过采取上述措施,各类污染物均满足GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》要求.     

Effect of Florasulam on soil residues and enzyme activity of wheat in drylands北大核心CSCD

Florasulam is a three azole and pyrimidine sulfonamide herbicide, mainly used for weeds prevention and control in winter wheat fields. The main purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different doses of Florasulam on soil residues and on the enzymatic activity of wheat cultivated in drylands, and to provide the theoretical basis for a scientific use of florasulam. Five doses (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mL/667 m2) of Florasulam were applied in order to detect differences in soil residue content and enzymatic activities. Soil residues and enzymatic activities (catalase, phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase) were measured and analyzed after the 5 different doses of Florasulam were processed. The residual amount of Florasulam in the soils decreased gradually with the growth phase of wheat, and was lower than that of 0.01 mg/kg. The residual amount of Florasulam in different soil layers gradually decreased with the increase of soil thickness. The enzymatic activity of soils treated with Florasulam was basically T3 > T2 > T1 > CK > T4, where T3 was the highest, whereas T4 could inhibit the enzymatic activity. Under these experimental conditions, in order to decrease soil pollution and lower Florasulam residues, it is recommended to apply Florasulam at a concentration range of 30 to 45 mL/667 m2 © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.