金属离子鱼类急性毒性研究及对环境标准修订的启示意义

以斑马鱼和孔雀鱼为实验动物,进行了Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋和Cr^6＋的鱼类急性毒性试验。结果表明,这四种金属离子对受试鱼的毒性影响比较明显,对斑马鱼、孔雀鱼96 h半致死浓度分别为0.57 mg/L,12.59 mg/L,32.24 mg/L,62.27 mg/L和2.36 mg/L,17.71 mg/L,39.71 mg/L,43.40 mg/L。四种金属离子的毒性大小依次为：Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cr^6＋;Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋对斑马鱼的影响较大,Cr^6＋则对孔雀鱼的影响较大。结果同时对环境标准的修订具有启示意义,现行的国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）和国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）对废水和水环境中Cu浓度的要求偏低,在符合国家标准的情况下Cu^2＋在低浓度水平就具有较大的毒性,未来污水排放标准和水环境质量标准在修订中应重视这个问题。     

环保政府网站建设现状及发展探讨

环保政府网站是环保电子政务的重要组成部分,在环保部门实施政务公开、宣传环境保护、服务社会公众方面正发挥越来越重要的作用。在对中国环保政府网站建设现状进行分析的基础上,对进一步加强环保网站建设、提高网站的服务效能提出对策建议。     

土壤重金属污染危害及生物修复技术研究

文章阐明了土壤重金属污染的危害与污染土壤的生物修复技术研究现状扣国外生物修复技术的最新研究内容和方法。系统介绍了重金属污染土壤生物修复的概念、生物修复特点及其机制、类型,重点论述了植物、微生物、动物对重金属污染土壤的修复技术方面的研究进展。最后对生物修复的发展前景进行展望,并在此基础上提出了一些见解和看法,为今后该方面的研究提供参考。     

凹凸棒复合滤料去除水中Cr（Ⅵ）试验研究

通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了凹凸棒复合滤料对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果。静态实验结果表明,在实验范围内,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程来描述,但更符合Freundlich方程,相关系数为0.989 2;动态实验结果表明,随着pH值、水力负荷和进水浓度的增加,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附率呈下降趋势。     

条子河四平段水污染特征及成因分析

通过对2001～2010年条子河流域水文水质和污染源数据的统计分析,掌握该流域水环境时空变化规律及其产生的原因。研究表明:ρ(COD)呈先升后降的变化趋势,而ρ(NH3-N)波动性较小,总体趋势为缓慢下降;二者都具有明显的季节性变化规律。此外,流域内点源有降低的趋势,而非点源却在逐年增加;降水对ρ(COD)有稀释作用,却增加了河水中NH3-N的量;污水处理厂的处理效率仍需提高。     

“十一五”江苏省地面水域水质污染特征分析

对"十一五"江苏省地面水域水质状况及时空分布特征进行了全面分析,结果表明,"十一五"期间,江苏省地表水水质总体处于轻度污染状态,河流水质呈现较为明显的有机污染特征,影响水质的主要污染物为石油类、氨氮、五日生化需氧量等;主要湖库氮、磷污染较为突出,湖库富营养化问题尚未得到有效控制。水质污染总体表现为枯水期>平水期>丰水期。受社会经济发展影响,地表水质呈现一定的区域流域差异,经济较发达地区水质污染也相对较重。总体来看,"十一五"期间由于加大了产业结构调整与污染防治力度,江苏省地面水域水质污染状况有所改善。     

改善烟气脱硫装置浆液池响应特性方法研究

通过对现有的烟气脱硫系统吸收塔浆液池在运行过程中浆液pH值响应过程的分析,针对现有脱硫装置浆液池pH值响应滞后导致的一系列问题,提出了改善烟气脱硫装置浆液池响应特性的措施方案,结合工程实例说明了通过在浆液池内加装浆液气氛控制系统使得pH值响应更为及时,并使浆液池内pH值分布满足浆液池功能要求。保证脱硫装置的安全稳定高效运行,有效降低运行消耗。     

Modeling the Effects of Extreme Drought on Pollutant Transport Processes in the Yangtze River Estuary

Water resources in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), which is the vital water supply for Shanghai, decreased by approximately 2.45 Gm³ in 2006, the second‐worst recorded drought year. A numerical model was developed to investigate the effects of this extreme drought on pollutant transport processes in the YRE. The model was calibrated against observations and displayed good agreement. Residence time, a critical hydrodynamic indicator, was implemented to indicate pollutant transport processes. Numerical experiments were conducted to examine the possibly drought‐induced influences. The model results demonstrated that the influences on pollutant transport processes varied spatially and temporally, and these influences could partly explain the observed temporal and spatial variations of total nitrate in 2006. The area most susceptible to drought is in the north branch with 2‐11 days' extension of residence time. As the drought occurred in both the high and normal water periods, its influences were more significant during the normal water period with saltwater intrusion into the north branch. The drought also introduced a pollutant transport lag in timescale of approximately five days by diminishing the seaward advection flux with freshwater discharge. In 2006, the magnified tidal influence during the drought contributed more than usual to structuring pollutant transport, as the pollutant transport processes were intensely associated with tidal flow and tidal cycle.     

上海市主要作物秸秆资源估算及分析

为进一步合理高效利用秸秆资源,通过秸秆估算公式计算出上海市主要区县的秸秆产量、2013年上海市秸秆养分总量及能源化利用的标准煤当量。2013年上海市秸秆产量为106.23万t,所含N、P₂O₅和K₂O分别为0.9、0.3、2.3万t,总养分约为3.5万t。理论上秸秆全部转化为能源相当于节省4.7×10⁵t标准煤。对于丰富的秸秆资源,应有合理的回收及利用途径,防止焚烧对空气造成不利影响。     

Spatial characteristics analysis by PCR-DGGE for bacterial communities in surface sediments of Tangxi River,Hefei City北大核心CSCD

Microbes play an important role in material circulation and pollutant release in urban sediments, and its community structure can provide an important basis for evaluating the pollution load and ecosystem health of an urban river. In this study, bacterial communities in sediments from different locations of Tangxi River in Anhui Province were analyzed and compared, with an objective of evaluating the effects of aquatic environment on spatial characteristics of bacterial communities and the feasibility of using bacterial community composition as an indicator of urban river health. PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the bacterial communities; fifteen major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further eluted from gel, reamplified and sequenced. The sequences of these fragments were compared with the database in GenBank (NCBI). The collected samples were clustered based on UPGM Aanalysis. In addition, relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors were analyzed by Monte Carlo test and redundancy analysis (RDA). The DGGE profiles indicated that upstream surface sediments had about 30 bands, but the differences in brightness were not significant. Although midstream surface sediments had only 18 bands on average, the brightness of some bands was relatively high, indicating that some dominant species of bacteria existed in these sediments. The amounts of bands in downstream sediments were between those of upstream and midstream, with some bands of high brightness. The NCBI comparison results showed that ten sequences shared 98-100% homology with known sequences, one with 97%, and the other four with uncultured bacteria. Shannon index (H) of bacterial diversity from upstream surface sediments was 3.31 on average, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of midstream surface sediments, and slightly higher than that of downstream surface sediments. UPGMA results showed both the distribution of bacteria communities and the diversity were strongly related with the sampling locations (Eigenvalue = 0.188, P = 0.134). Monte Carlo test and RDA analysis showed that the ion exchangeable form of nitrogen (IEF-N) was the main factor influencing the spatial characteristics of bacterial communities in the sediments. The aquatic plants had a significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities in the sediments, and the effectiveness of plant species was more notable than that of the vegetation coverage. The above results indicated that bacterial community structure and diversity in the surface sediments can well reflect the degree of urbanization development and effectiveness of ecological restoration in Tangxi River region.