加速溶剂萃取技术及其在环境分析中的应用

加速溶剂萃取技术是一项新颖的样品前处理技术，通过升高温度与压力结合使用有机溶剂，可快速，有效地由基体中萃取各种欲测物。本文系统地阐述了该技术的基本原理，各种影响因子及其在环境分析中的应用。该法适用于固体和半固体样品的前处理。     

上海市防灾救灾系统管理存在的问题及对策

对上海当前防灾救灾系统管理中存在的问题进行了分析，并且提出了相应的对策，对上海及其它城市的防灾救灾系统管理体系的改进与完善有一定的借鉴作用。     

铁路行车安全与司机生理和心理素质关系的研究

从确保铁路行车安全的角度，结合铁路机车乘务工作的职业特点和要求，分析了影响铁路行车安全的诸多因素中最为重要的人的因素在安全驾驶中的作用，以及作为能够胜任我国铁路机车驾驶工作要求的合格司机应具备的生理、心理因素；论文采用国际先进的分析技术和分析软件（ＳＡＳ），对抽取的１２７８ 名现役铁路司机的８８ 个测试因子数据进行了全面综合的统计分析，得出有关司机的心理和生理特征以及与行车安全的内在关系，为提高铁路司机的整体素质及铁路行车安全可靠性提供了科学的依据     

铁路安全管理与安全工程、安全文化

论述了铁路安全工作中的工程问题和文化问题，提出铁路安全基础建设工程应是加强铁路安全综合性研究与综合管理，建设铁路安全文化。     

城市防灾救灾组织机构设置的研究

本文首先阐明了合理的组织机构在城市防灾工作中的作用，然后通过对典型城市防灾救灾组织机构现状和问题的分析，提出防灾救灾组织机构设置的原则，构造了城市防灾救灾组织机构的改进型矩阵模式，并分析了该模式的特点和实施步骤。     

A Multi-Channel Continuous Water Toxicity Monitoring System: Its Evaluation and Application to Water Discharged from a Power Plant

A multi-channel continuous water toxicity monitoring system was, after confirming the systems' performance, implemented to samples of water discharged from power plants to detect and classify their toxicity using several recombinant bioluminescent bacteria. Each channel of the system is composed of a series of two mini-bioreactors to enable a continuous operation, i.e., without system interruption due to highly toxic samples. A different recombinant bacterial strain was present in each channel: DPD2540 (fabA::lux CDABE), DPD2794 (recA::luxCDABE), and TV1061 (grpE::luxCDABE), which are induced by cell membrane-, DNA-, and protein-damaging agents, respectively. GC2 (lac::luxCDABE) is a constitutive strain, whose bioluminescence is reduced by an increase in cellular toxicity. Phenol and mitomycin C (MMC) were used for evaluating the system's performance to detect toxic chemicals. These samples were injected into the second mini-bioreactor according to a step or bell-curve manner. The field samples used in this study were obtained from the water discharged from two different power plants in Korea – from a nuclear power plant and a thermo-electronic power plant, and were injected into the second mini-bioreactor to initiate the toxicity test. Each channel showed specific bioluminescent (BL) response profiles due to the toxic compounds present in the water samples. Comparing the BL signals between the standard toxic chemical samples and discharged water samples, the equivalent toxicity of the field water could be estimated. Finally, it was proved that this novel continuous toxicity monitoring system can be used as an alternative tool for the quick monitoring and control of water quality, as well as aid in the setting up of a new monitoring strategy to protect the source of tap water and in the prevention of polluted water discharge.     

High Resolution GC - MS Analysis of VOCs in Wastewater and Sludge

High resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been widely used in the field of environmental sample analysis for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Gryder-Boutet, et al., 1988). Such a technique was applied to the analysis of VOCs at a local municipal wastewater treatment plant. The combination of purge and trap sample preparation and thermal desorption with cryofocusing technology, allows for the detection of a wide range of volatiles in wastewater and sludge samples. Results show that a large variety of organics present in samples are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Their concentrations are in part per billion levels between 10 to 150 g/L. Others identified using this method are chlorinated hydrocarbons, sulfides and organic acids. By comparing the chromatograms of different wastewater and sludge samples collected from various treatment process units, it can be seen that most volatiles were removed or degraded after the aeration or digestion process. Information that provides an insight to the measurement of organic compounds in sludges is also discussed in this paper.     

硝酸银标准滴定溶液的不确定度评定

在掌握JJF1059-1999的基础上，对硝酸银标准滴定溶液浓度的不确定度进行评定，主要从方法概述、确定测量中不确定度的来源、建立数学模型、计算相对标准不确定度分量、合成相对标准不确定度、扩展不确定度等入手，详细介绍了硝酸银标准滴定溶液的不确定度评定过程。     

做好环境监测站计量认证的准备工作

根据计量认证的内容重点叙述了进行此工作的各项准备，收集资料，建立仪器设备档案，整顿实验室环境、人员培训考核，质量管理手册的编写等，使各基层环境监测站能顺利通过计量认证。