厌氧生物处理技术应用研究与展望

综述了厌氧处理工艺应用于工业废水处理的研究进展,并对厌氧工艺与好氧工艺进行了对比,总结了厌氧工艺的特性;阐释了厌氧工艺的应用现状及未来的发展趋势,重点介绍了厌氧流化床反应器(AFBR)、上流式厌氧滤池、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)、颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器(EGSB)、复合厌氧反应器。     

SBR工艺处理高盐有机废水的试验研究

采用SBR工艺分别研究了不同盐度驯化下的活性污泥的生物相和结构,及对COD、NH4＋-N、TP的去除率。结果表明,随着盐度的升高,活性污泥的微生物种类减少,结构变得紧密细小;盐度在1.5%范围内,SBR工艺对COD、NH4＋-N的去除率均达到90%以上;盐度为1%时,TP的去除率为76%。     

东大别地区重大地震事件深部地壳结构特征

本文应用东大别地区层析成像研究结果,对研究区重大地震事件的深部地壳结构特征进行了研究,结果表明：霍山地区的2次MS≥6.0级地震在深部地壳结构上具有一定的相似性;1970年以来的12次MS≥4.0地震在25 km深度的地壳速度结构特征比较接近。     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Effect of nutrient conditions on the toxicity of naphthalene to Chlorella pyrenoidosa

The toxicity of naphthalene to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the subsequent recovery of algae from the damage were investigated under two nutrient conditions, either enriched with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), or starved of N and P. Results showed that C. pyrenoidosa was more sensitive to naphthalene under N,P-enriched condition, and the inhibitory rate generally increased at first and then decreased gradually with the evaporation of naphthalene under both nutrient conditions. Enriched N, P reduced the inhibitory rate at initial naphthalene concentration of 5 and 10 mg/L, but enhanced it at 100 mg/L, at which more severe ultrastructure damages were found than those under N,P-starved condition. Observed damages included partly or totally disappearance of nucleolus, nuclear, and plasma membranes. According to the chlorophyll content and cell density measurements, C. pyrenoidosa could recover from naphthalene damage with initial concentrations 6 50 mg/L in 7 days under both nutrient conditions, while they could not recover if the initial concentration of naphthalene was at 100 mg/L. Under the N,P-starved condition, the inability of C. pyrenoidosa to recover from the naphthalene damage was consistent with the results of high inhibitory rate, low value of specific growth rate (SGR, 0.05 day??1), and the severe destruction of cell structure. However, under the N,P-enriched conditions, the observed lower inhibitory rate, higher value of SGR (0.55 day??1), and the intact cell structure of most cells suggested that algae could potentially recover from the naphthalene damage.     

Long-term joint effect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China

To study how global warming and eutrophication affect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0℃. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the effect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint effect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted.     

Microstructures and electrochemical behaviors of the friction stir welding dissimilar weld

By using optical microscope, the microstructures of 5083/6082 friction stir welding (FSW) weld and parent materials were analyzed. Meanwhile, at ambient temperature and in 0.2 mol/L NaHS0₃ and 0.6 mol/L NaCl solutionby gravimetric test, potentiodynamic polarization curve test, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, the electrochemical behavior of 5083/6082 friction stir welding weld and parent materials were comparatively investigated by gravimetric test, potentiodynamic polarization curve test, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The results indicated that at given processing parameters, the anti-corrosion property of the dissimilar weld was superior to those of the 5083 and 6082 parent materials.     

土著微生物修复城市小型湖泊实验研究

利用生物制剂及生物修复技术对鞍山市英泽湖进行了净化治理.研究结果表明,经过8～30 d的生物净化,该湖水中的COD、植物营养元素浓度及浊度都有了大幅度的下降.其中COD降至20 mg/L以下,去除率达到70%以上;氨氮降至0.2 mg/L以下,去除率达97%;总磷降低至0.02 mg/L以下,去除率达到60%以上;浊度...     

高温下好氧污泥接种启动UASB的试验研究

采用高温UASB处理柠檬酸废水,研究利用好氧脱水污泥接种启动高温UASB的可行性。试验结果表明,在温度55℃,HRT为6天的条件下,UASB反应器能降解的柠檬酸废水浓度为10000mg/L,容积负荷为1.67gCOD/(L.d),柠檬酸废水的去除率达到90%以上。     

DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下应用与探讨

随着经济社会的发展,突发性水质污染事故日趋增多。因此能够快速、准确测定水质状况是环境应急监测的一项重要工作。在一起水厂取水口有人投药打鱼事故中,采用DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下快速检测事发地水质,结果表明快速、高效的检测为此次污染事故的成功处置提供了技术支持,为以后类似突发污染事故的应急监测提供了参考。