有机─无机复混肥的性质与肥效研究

有机—无机复混肥（以下简称有机复肥）是由单一的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ化肥加入一定量的优质有机物质经造粒制成．颗粒直径大部分＞３ｍｍ。其性质：在水中比等氮、磷、钾量的无机复肥溶解快，不溶物少，氮的释放量大，密封条件下氨的挥发和在土壤中被水淋洗后氮的损失量均小。对水稻的增产效果比等量的氮、磷、钾单一化肥明显；对玉米的增产效果与进口复肥的相比，若两者的施用量相等，则其产量相当。     

部分氮杂环类化合物的遗传毒性及其QSAR研究

本文利用蚕豆细胞微核试验评价了１０种氮杂环类化合物的遗传毒性，一化合物的最低未占据轨道能Ｅｌｕｍｏ、分子的量负的原子净电荷ｑ建立了较好的相关方程：ＭＮ＝－２．９６（１．１４）＋４．９３（０．４８）Ｅｌｕｍｏ＋１３．６８（２．７２）ｑ＾－Ｒ＾２＝０．９４ ＳＥ＝０．７１ Ｆ＝５３．９２ Ｐ〈０．０００５推测此类化合物的至于致毒机制可能是它们作为电荷给予体和氢键予体作用于生物受体而引起的突变。     

大气中硝酸和颗粒物硝酸盐的测定

研究了用扩散管差分法和多种叠滤膜法测量大气中粒物硝酸盐和气体硝酸，扩散管差分法可以测量颗粒物硝酸盐和气体硝酸，避免了采样时颗粒物硝酸盐的人为损失。Ｆｌｏｕｒｏｐｏｒｅ聚四氟乙烯膜等惰性膜也可以采集颗粒物硝酸盐，其后的ＮａＣｌ浸渍膜采集硝酸，而玻璃纤维膜几乎同时采集了颗粒物硝酸盐和硝酸。     

大理苍山洱海自然保护区旅游与环境可持续发展规划的研究

苍山洱海是国家级自然保护区，同时又是国家级风景名胜区，由于旅游业的开展而引发的环境、生态问题日趋突出。针对客观实际，在保护和开发并举的原则下，对该区域的旅游区、旅游模式等进行了规划，提出了旅游区域的环境保护指标、旅游容量，同时制定了相应的管理措施     

水样品中重碳酸根离子排斥色谱法研究

本文研究了用离子排斥色谱法分析了水样品中重碳酸根的最佳色谱条件，分离方式和流动相的选择，样品溶液ｐＨ值与峰高的关系，实验结果显示，该方法具有简便，用样量少，灵敏度高于和干扰少等优点，测量下限为０．１２μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１ＨＣＯ＾－３在１－１０μｇ．ｍ＾－１和１０－１００μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内，ＨＣＯ３浓度与峰高的线性相关系数在０．９９５以上，该方法用于自来水和油田水样品的分析获得较好的结果。     

Bioaccumulation and elimination of avermectin B1a in the earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

The acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and elimination of avermectin B1a (AVM B1a) in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were investigated in different exposure systems. The LC50 of AVM B1a on earthworms were 24.1 mg/kg and 17.1 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 and 14 days in artificial soil. The LC50 tested by the filter paper for 2 days was 4.63 microg/cm2. The earthworms were cultivated in artificial soil containing 0.6 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg AVM B1a, respectively for bioaccumulation experiments. The AVM B1a residues in earthworms were determined with HPLC-fluorescence method. The results showed that AVM B1a was taken up from the concentrated artificial soil by the earthworms and the steady-state levels were reached after 9-18 days of exposure. On the 18th day, the final concentrations of AVM B1a in the earthworms treated with two different dosages were 107 ng/g and 165 ng/g, respectively; there were not significantly accumulation. About 80.0% and 94.8% of the accumulated AVM B1a were eliminated respectively in two groups within 1 day after they were exposed to AVM B1a-free soil, but a trace amount of AVM B1a was found for a relative long time in earthworms.     

Estimation of apparent rate coefficients for phenanthrene and pentachlorophenol interacting with sediments

To gain information on organic pollutants in water-sediment systems, a compartment model was applied to study the sorption course of phenanthrene and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in sediments. The model described the time-dependent interaction of phenanthrene and PCP with operationally defined reversible and irreversible (or slowly reversible) sediment fractions. The interactions between these fractions were described using first order differential equations. By fitting the models to the experimental data, apparent rate constants were obtained using numerical optimization software. The model optimizations showed that the amount of reversible phase increased rapidly in the first 10 d with the sorption time, then decreased after 10 d, while the amount of irreversible phase increased in the total sorption course. That suggested the mass transport between reversible phase and irreversible phase. The extraction efficiency with hot methanol ranged from 36% to 103% for phenanthrene and from 65% to 101% for PCP, with the trend of decreasing with sorption time.     

高氨氮对厌氧生物法处理城市垃圾渗沥液的影响

研究了高浓度氨氮对厌氧膜生物法处理城市垃圾渗沥液的影响。结果表明，COD去除率、沼气产量、沼气产率、辅酶F420和最大比产甲烷活性均随氨氮浓度的增加而减小；当氨氮浓度〈3600mg/L时，不会对厌氧膜生物反应器的运行产生明显的影响；氨氮对厌氧污泥产甲烷活性的50％抑制浓度为4350mg／L；高浓度氨氮会造成系统VFA浓度增加；当氨氮浓度由4800mg／L降低到2000mg/L后，受重度抑制的厌氧微生物的活性可以在20d里恢复到未受抑制时的活性水平。     

影响活性污泥脱氮效率的因素

活性污泥对氮的去除主要通过硝化和反硝化作用来进行。温度、pH、溶解氧浓度、污泥龄、毒性物质、污水性质(有机物含量、氮浓度)都会对系统脱氮能力产生影响。一般较高的pH、延长污泥龄、较低的溶解氧浓度和较低的有机碳浓度均能提高系统的硝化能力,反硝化/硝化系统具有投资省、脱氮效率高等优点。除甲醇外,其它一些工业废弃物也可作为促进反硝化作用的碳源。由于厌氧环境有利于反硝化作用,所以厌氧/好氧(A/O)法和间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)具有极高的脱氮效率。     

石油污染土壤生物通风修复及其强化技术

处理石油污染土壤的诸多方法中 ,生物通风法是一种很有效的治理方法。本文通过对生物通风法的技术、经济分析 ,得出该方法的可行性。另外 ,还介绍了生物通风的强化技术。