Microbial electrolysis cells with biocathodes and driven by microbial fuel cells for simultaneous enhanced Co(II) and Cu(II) removal

Cobalt and copper recovery from aqueous Co(II) and Cu(II) is one critical step for cobalt and copper wastewaters treatment. Previous tests have primarily examined Cu(II) and Co(II) removal in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) with abiotic cathodes and driven by microbial fuel cell (MFCs). However, Cu(II) and Co(II) removal rates were still slow. Here we report MECs with biocathodes and driven by MFCs where enhanced removal rates of 6.0±0.2 mg?L⁻¹?h⁻¹ for Cu(II) at an initial concentration of 50 mg?L⁻¹ and 5.3±0.4 mg?L⁻¹ h⁻¹ for Co(II) at an initial 40 mg?L⁻¹ were achieved, 1.7 times and 3.3 times as high as those in MECs with abiotic cathodes and driven by MFCs. Species of Cu(II) was reduced to pure copper on the cathodes of MFCs whereas Co(II) was removed associated with microorganisms on the cathodes of the connected MECs. Higher Cu(II) concentrations and smaller working volumes in the cathode chambers of MFCs further improved removal rates of Cu(II) (115.7 mg?L⁻¹?h⁻¹) and Co(II) (6.4 mg?L⁻¹?h⁻¹) with concomitantly achieving hydrogen generation (0.05±0.00 mol?mol⁻¹ COD). Phylogenetic analysis on the biocathodes indicates Proteobacteria dominantly accounted for 67.9% of the total reads, followed by Firmicutes (14.0%), Bacteroidetes (6.1%), Tenericutes (2.5%), Lentisphaerae (1.4%), and Synergistetes (1.0%). This study provides a beneficial attempt to achieve simultaneous enhanced Cu(II) and Co(II) removal, and efficient Cu(II) and Co(II) wastewaters treatment without any external energy consumption.     

Mn-Ce/Ti-Zr-柱撑膨润土催化剂低温选择性催化还原法脱硝

以改性的有机膨润土为原料,制备Ti、Zr共柱撑有机膨润土(Ti-Zr-OPILC),并通过浸渍法负载Mn、Ce,制备得催化剂Mn-Ce/Ti-Zr-OPILC,运用XRD、BET分析了催化剂的物理化学特性,并考察了催化剂对NO低温选择性催化还原反应的催化活性.实验结果表明:催化剂的比表面积得到很大提高,Mn和Ce在载体上分散性较好;在反应温度为220℃、体积空速为40 000 h-1、n(NH3)∶n(NO)为1、初始NO体积分数为0.06％、O2体积分数为3.6％时,对NO去除率高达95％以上.     

Effect of thermal pretreatment on the physical and chemical properties of municipal biomass waste

The effects of thermal pretreatment on the physical and chemical properties of three typical municipal biomass wastes (MBWs), kitchen waste (KW), vegetable/fruit residue (VFR), and waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. The results show that thermal pretreatment at 175 °C/60 min significantly decreases viscosity, improves the MBW dewatering performance, as well as increases soluble chemical oxygen demand, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and especially organic compounds with molecular weights >10 kDa. For KW, VFR and WAS, 59.7%, 58.5% and 25.2% of the organic compounds can be separated in the liquid phase after thermal treatment. WAS achieves a 34.8% methane potential increase and a doubled methane production rate after thermal pretreatment. In contrast, KW and VFR show 7.9% and 11.7% methane decrease because of melanoidin production.     

有机硅生产废水的处理及膜污染控制

采用三级过滤—反渗透膜脱盐—多效蒸发联合工艺处理有机硅生产废水,并对反渗透膜的污染控制进行了研究。实验结果表明:高压膜脱盐率为96%左右,低压膜脱盐率为95%左右;膜系统COD去除率基本上稳定在98.25%,出水COD稳定在60 mg/L以下。针对膜污染问题,采用在线冲洗与不定期清洗相结合,有效改善了反渗透膜的污染状况,延长了膜的使用寿命。     

湿式镁法烟气脱硫副产物MgSO4热解回收MgO

通过对MgSO4的热解研究为湿式镁法烟气脱硫副产物的综合利用探索适宜的热解条件.实验结果表明,在升温速率为20 ℃/min、热解温度为850℃、恒温时间为2.0 h的条件下,由无水MgSO4热解制得的MgO收率高达99.8％.由MgSO4·7H2O热解制得的MgO收率仅为72.1％.由此表明,干燥的MgSO4对热解更有利.     

无锡惠山污水处理厂升级改造工程设计

介绍了无锡惠山污水处理厂升级改造工程。根据现状确定采用絮凝沉淀+转盘过滤+紫外消毒作为三级处理工艺,设计出水达GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。根据厂区实际情况,设计采用一体化综合池,并着重介绍了各个处理单元设计参数和运行特点,为已建污水处理厂升级改造工程的一体化深度处理设计提供参考依据。     

袋式除尘器在线清灰流场分布的研究

采用流体动力学CFD软件Fluent,通过调节滤袋渗透率和粉尘厚度模拟清灰前后表面粉尘负荷的差异性,对袋式除尘器在线清灰条件下的流场进行数值模拟分析,给出不同清灰条件下花板平面气流速度分布图,得出滤袋清灰前由于表面粉尘负荷的影响,气流分布比较均匀;清灰时,被清灰滤袋透气性的增强,过滤风速明显提高,其瞬间气流冲击是造成滤袋破损的主要原因。将模拟结果与实际工程运行情况进行对比,分析了其可靠性,为袋式除尘器的改进和设计提供了理论参考。     

天津地区菲的空间分异多介质归趋模型

在稳态假设条件下研究了菲在天津市的多介质分布和相间迁移.在探讨了废气排放和土壤有机质含量和土壤中菲降解速率常数的空间变异的基础上,建立了具有空间变异特征的多介质模型.并根据实际观测数据对平均浓度加以验证.所研究的4种介质的模型误差在0.5个对数单位左右,完全符合区域多介质模型的精度要求.土壤菲含量空间计算结果和实际观测数据在宏观尺度上表现出一致的趋势作为过程模型,这样的结果有助于解释形成其空间分异的原因,也为进一步研究奠定了基础模型计算结果表明,土壤和沉积物是该地区菲的主要汇,特别是沉积物中积累了菲总量的70%以上.大气菲的空间分布格局基本服从其人为排放特征,而土壤有机质含量对菲降解速率的影响决定了其在土壤中的分布.     

苯酚和间甲酚的竞争吸附研究

研究了水中苯酚和间甲酚在大孔树脂上的吸附,结果表明,ＩＡＳ及ＬＣＡ模型都能较好地反映这一吸附系统的竞争吸附规律。     

不同类型城市人工湿地底栖动物多样性的比较研究

在常州市范围内选取具有代表性的三大人工湿地,对其底栖动物多样性情况进行春秋两季的调查研究。结果显示：软件园秋季底栖动物各项生物多样性指标均高于春季,荆川公园和五星公园则呈现春季生物多样性状况优于秋季的状况。从总体上看,底栖动物的Shannon—Wiener多样性指数软件园〉荆川公园〉五星公园;Pielou均匀度指数荆川公园〉软件园〉五星公园;BI指数表现为五星公园〉荆川公园〉软件园。此外从调查结果来看,软体动物种类数、分布密度与水体的污染程度呈反向趋势,由此推断软体动物种类丰富程度可作为评价城市人工湿地水体受污染程度的重要指标。