Field measurements of dissociation of ammonium nitrate at a Beijing site

The atmospheric nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium nitrate aerosol was determined simultaneously in a Beijing site to teste quilibrium. Rather good agreement between measurements and theory was found at ambient temperature above 9oC at relative humidity below 70%. Below 9oC the kinetic constraints preventing rapid attainment equilibrium were observed. A procedure for calculation of dependence of NH4NO3 aerosol dissociation constants on temperature and relative humidity was given. The seasonal variation of concentration of NH3, total NH4+ and HNO3 was observed.The seasonal variation of concentration of HNO3 was caused by dissociation of aerosol of NH4NO3. The concentrations of NH3 were 1-2 order higher than those of HNO3. For formation of NH4NO3 aerosol the HNO3 was the control reagent. Any increase of HNO3 to formed from NOx would react with NH3 form NH4NO3 aerosol in Beijing area except for someday in summer time.     

网络结构有利于城市可持续发展

城市结构类型分为传统的层次结构和新近发展的网络结构，网络结构有利于城市土地的科学利用，有利于城市的生态建设，有利于城市环境质量的改善，有利于城市的可持续发展。     

武夷山市生活垃圾处理能值分析

对武夷山市规划新建的生活垃圾处理工程,利用能值方法分析填埋-沼气处理工艺,通过绘制能值系统图辨析该系统的能值投入和产出.按照自然/社会、可再生/不可再生的标准将能值投入分成四类并列表计算能值指标:环境负载率(ELR)和能值产出率(EYR).能值指标表明:在目前情况下,填埋-沼气处理方式对环境压力小,"投入/产出"比高,是一种科学合理的处理方式.但是通过分析规划年限内能值指标的变化趋势发现该系统对环境的压力将逐步扩大,系统对外界的能值产出也会降低,这对未来城市发展留下了环境问题隐患.     

天然水中Cr(Ⅵ)与硫化物的氧化还原反应环境动力学的研究

本文模拟研究了地表水及土壤水介质中Cr(Ⅵ)在硫系统作用下的氧化还原反应动力学.在通常的pH及夏、秋温度和厌氧还原条件下进行动力学实验,采用了流动注射技术分析测定.初步确定了在一定的温度及pH条件下,当Cr(Ⅵ)与硫化物浓度相近时,二者之间的氧化还原反应为二级反应,其反应速率与Cr(Ⅵ)及总硫化物浓度的一次方乘积成正比.其速率常数随温度升高而增大,随pH升高却产生较为复杂的变化,总的说来,在pH5.5—7.0范围内速率常数较大.而在pH>7时反应很慢,近于停止了.当硫化物浓度远大于Cr(Ⅵ)时,二者之间的反应为准一级反应,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原速率与Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的一次方成正比,其反应速率常数随温度升高而增大,在pH5.0—7.8范围内速率常数随pH升高而逐渐减小.     

塔北、塔中天然气中CO_2的碳同位素组成及成因探讨

CO2 是塔北、塔中天然气中常见的非烃组分。各油气区内的天然气中CO2 的δ13C值尽管有差别 ,但其表征的成因意义基本一致。塔中天然气中的CO2 可能存在两种来源 ,一种来源于烃源岩岩石和矿物及胶结物分解 ;第二种来自二叠纪火山活动过程中的脱气。轮台凸起构造单元上油气藏 (除雅克拉外 )中CO2来自库车坳陷T -J陆相烃源岩中有机质转化。东河塘天然气中CO2 来自寒武 -奥陶海相碳酸盐岩岩石分解及泥岩中碳酸盐矿物分解     

西部地区公路建设项目防治沙漠化浅析

以对中国西部地区沙漠化现状和危害的简要分析为基础，结合公路建设的特点，阐述在西部公路建设中开展土地沙漠化防治的原则、对策与措施等具体问题。     

Sulfur dioxide-hydrogen peroxide relationships and acidification of precipitation in Guiyang area-a case study

-The concentrations of gas phase SO2, O3 and chemical composition of sequential rainwater samples were measured on 6/11/88 to 6/28/88 at some sites of Guiyang area. S (IV) was present in great excess of H2O2 in rainwater samples collected at residential sites of the city corresponding to high level of gas phase SO2. Considerable H2O2 in rainwater samples was observed in background air at suburbs. The evidence that clean rainwater samples were collected at 20km away from the city in 6/18/88 precipitation event revealed that the major process of acidification of the rain in the high polluted areas was below-cloud scavenging of trace gases. From a simulation calculation it was found that the rate of oxidation of S(IV) by O3 and by Mn2+, Fe3+ catalytic in high pH rainwater is significant, but for low pH the major SO42- is produced by the reaction of S (IV) with H2O2.     

Comparison of some atmospheric chemical modeling schemes

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大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)对心血管内皮细胞NOS的影响

运用体外试验方法,探讨了大气细颗粒物的心血管毒性及其可能的作用机制采集上海城区大气中的PM25,并以0.01、0.05、0.2、1 mg·mL-1剂量染毒大鼠心血管内皮细胞24 h后,观察PM2.5对心血管内皮细胞内总NOS,iNOS及cNOS活力等指标的影响.发现与对照组相比,0.2 mg·mL-1染毒组的心血管内皮细胞总NOS和iNOS活力显著增加,而cNOS活力显著降低,并且随着PM25染毒剂量的增加,存在剂量-反应关系.这一结果表明,PM2.5可通过诱导心血管内皮细胞的iNOS活性,对心血管系统产生氧化应激损伤,氧化应激作用可能是PM2.5心血管系统毒性的作用机制之一.     

用X射线光电子能谱测定烟尘中硫的化学状态

用x射线光电子能谱(ESCA)测定了家用蜂窝煤炉烟尘及燃煤电厂飞灰上存在的硫的化学状态,鉴别有SO_3、SO_4~-、SO_2和SO_3~-几种不同的硫化合物,讨论了燃烧条件对硫的化学状态的影响。