基于经验似然比函数模型的降水型滑坡灾害概率风险分析与预测

以湖南郴州地区为例,建立了降水型滑坡历史灾害空间分布、地质和地形等滑坡影响因子空间数据库;基于50×50 m的网格,选取地貌、地层岩性、土壤类型、坡度、坡向、高程等滑坡影响因子,利用经验似然比函数计算出每个网格的滑坡危险度,并进行分级,进而制作出郴州地区滑坡危险度区划图.在此基础上,利用另一组滑坡灾害空间分布数据采取交叉验证法估算每一类危险级别发生滑坡的经验概率.结果表明,应用经验似然比模型进行滑坡灾害概率风险分析评估效果较好.     

Levels and congener profiles of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in seafood from China

A nationwide investigation into polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in market seafood was conducted for the first time in this study. Total PCDD/F concentrations in fatty fish ranged from 0.13 to 8.64 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (mean 2.05 pg g⁻¹ wet weight), total PCB concentrations ranged from 38.9 to 3514 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (mean 1133 pg g⁻¹ wet weight), and total PBDE concentrations ranged from 42.8 to 913 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (mean 322 pg g⁻¹ wet weight). Corresponding mean toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values for total PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB were 0.25 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (WHO 98-TEQ) and 0.32 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (WHO 98-TEQ), respectively. OCDD, PCB-138 and PBDE-47 were the dominant compounds according to their respective congeners. WHO 98-TEQ _{PCDD/PCDF/PCB} for fatty fish and shell fish were 0.60 and 0.070 pg g⁻¹ wet weight, respectively, lower than the standard set by the European Commission. The contamination levels and profiles were compared with those documented in previous publications.     

生物法/人工湿地工艺处理采油废水及其生态毒性削减研究

采用2种生物法/人工湿地工艺(水解酸化/好氧/人工湿地工艺和水解酸化/人工湿地(进水区强化曝气)工艺)处理胜利油田某联合处理站经隔油、混凝处理的采油废水,并运用发光细菌技术研究采油废水在处理过程中的生态毒性削减规律.研究结果表明,在水解酸化段水力停留时间(HRT)为20 h,好氧段HRT为10 h,人工湿地HRT为2 d的工况下,水解酸化/好氧/人工湿地工艺与水解酸化/人工湿地(进水区强化曝气)工艺的出水水质均能满足COD≤80 mg/L、NH_4~+-N≤15 mg/L的处理要求.发光细菌法试验结果表明,经隔油、混凝处理后的采油废水属高毒性废水,再经水解酸化/人工湿地(进水区强化曝气)工艺处理后生态毒性大幅削减,出水生态毒性降至低毒.     

High methane emissions from a littoral zone on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The littoral zones of lakes have been regarded as hotspots of methane (CH₄) fluxes through several studies. In the present study, we measured CH₄ fluxes in six kinds of littoral zones of Huahu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the peak growing season of 2006 and 2007. We found that CH₄ efflux (ranging from −0.1 to 90 mg CH₄ m⁻² h⁻¹) from the littoral zones of this lake was relatively high among those of boreal and temperate lakes. Our results also showed that emergent plant zones (Hippuris vulgaris and Glyceria maxima stands) recorded the highest CH₄ flux rate. The CH₄ flux in the floating mat zone of Carex muliensis was significantly lower than those of the emergent plant zones. CH₄ fluxes in the floating-leaved zone of Polygonum amphibium and bare lakeshore showed no significant difference and ranked last but one, only higher than that of the littoral meadow (Kobresia tibetica). Plant biomass and standing water depths were important factors to explain such spatial variations in CH₄ fluxes. No significant temporal variations in CH₄ fluxes were found due to the insignificant variations of physical factors in the peak growing season. These results may help in our understanding of the importance of the littoral zone of lakes, especially the emergent plant zone, as a hotspot of CH₄ emission.     

基于危险工艺装置设置安全联锁系统的研究

针对危险工艺装置设置安全联锁系统(SIS)问题进行分析和研究,提出在装置建设和改造中,应合理设置独立的SIS,并根据生产装置的安全度等级选择合适的联锁回路,并具有一定的冗余能力,以避免由于硬件随机失效或系统故障时造成联锁功能无法执行;指出SIS在设计时应遵循独立原则、故障安全型原则、共享原则、可靠性原则等。研究结果表明:SIS可提高化工装置的本质安全度,保障生产过程的安全、稳定运行,最大限度地减少由于过程失控造成的人身伤害和设备损坏。     

闽江流域表面水体中大肠杆菌毒素基因的多重PCR检测

分析福建闽江流域中大肠杆菌及其携带的毒素基因.对闽江流域上游至下游7个断面中的大肠杆菌进行分离、鉴定,并对大肠杆菌12种毒素基因进行多重PCR检测.从鉴定得到的1 231株粪大肠杆菌中检出10种毒素基因,其中具有扩散性黏附素(aidA-I)毒素基因的大肠杆菌占总数的12.99%,具有热不稳定肠毒素(elt)和热稳定肠毒素(astA)基因的大肠杆菌次之,分别占总数的5.8%和5.4%,同时检测出了少数高危菌株的主要致病因子,如志贺氏毒素(Stx2e)和耐药性因子(sepA)等.鉴定表明,分离得到的大肠杆菌包括出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)、肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、肠致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)和肠聚集性大肠杆菌(EAEC).本文建立了闽江流域含毒素基因的大肠杆菌的大批量、快速检测方法,为实地监测和风险评估提供了技术支撑.     

外界辐射热对浸油沙层着火特性影响研究

通过实验研究了施加辐射热后浸油沙层的着火特性.实验中使用柴油为燃料,沙层为多孔介质,自制的施加辐射热测量闪点和燃点的设备,研究了施加辐射热后,沙油质量比、沙粒直径以及外界辐射热通量对浸油沙层着火特性的影响.结果表明,沙粒直径及沙油质量比不变,随着辐射热通量的增大,浸油沙层的闪点、燃点降低到某一值后不再变化;施加辐射热通量,浸油沙层的闪点、燃点随沙油质量比的增加而升高,不再出现闪点和燃点的最小值点;沙粒直径对浸油沙层的闪点和燃点有影响.     

Concentration, distribution and source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the southeast suburb of Beijing, China

Total suspended particle samples and gas phase samples were collected at three representative sampling sites in the southeastern suburb of Beijing from March 2005 to January 2006. The samples were analyzed for 16 US EPA priority PAHs using GC/MS. Concentrations of Sigma PAHs in particle and gas phases were 0.21-1.18 x 10(3) ng m(-3) and 9.5 x 10(2) ng-1.03 x 10(5) ng m(-3), respectively. PAH concentrations displayed seasonal variation in the order of winter>spring>autumn>summer for particle phase, and winter>autumn>summer>spring for gas phase. Partial correlation analysis indicates that PAH concentrations in particle phase are negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with air pollution index of SO(2). No significant correlation is observed between gas phase PAHs and the auxiliary parameters. Sources of PAH are identified through principal component analysis, and source contributions are estimated through multiple linear regression. Major sources of atmospheric PAHs in the study area include coal combustion, coke industry, vehicular emission and natural gas combustion.     

Determination of adrenal steroids by microfluidic chip using micellar electrokinetic chromatography

This paper describes a sensitive and convenient method to separate progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxy progesterone, cortexolone, hydrocortisone and cortisone, all of which are steroids and have similar structures, using microfluidic chip-based technology with UV detection at 252 nm. We successfully obtained high-speed separation of the five steroids within 70 s in optimized microfluidic controls and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) separation conditions. Fairly good linearity with correlation coefficient of over 0.98 from 10 or 20 to 100 mg/l steroid chemicals was obtained. The limits of detection obtained at a signal to noise ratio of 3 were from 3.89 to 7.80 mg/l. The values of the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 0.98-1.34% for repetitive injection (n = 12) and the intraday and interday RSDs were below 6%. The highly stable response reflected the feasibility of this method.     

全新型生态工业园区的工业共生链网结构研究--新疆石河子国家生态工业(造纸)园区的设计分析

本文以新疆石河子国家生态工业(造纸)园区的设计为例．运用产业生态学理论，深入系统地分析了生态工业园区的系统构成、工业共生关系以及生态工业链网结构．为全新型生态工业园区的设计及其运行提出了切实可行的建议。