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281.
Qi Yin Xiaoyu Zhu Guoqiang Zhan Tao Bo Yanfei Yang Yong Tao Xiaohong He Daping Li Zhiying Yan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(4):210-214
The anaerobic digestion(AD)and microbial electrolysis cell(MEC)coupled system has been proved to be a promising process for biomethane production.In this paper,it was found that by co-cultivating Geobacter with Methanosarcina in an AD–MEC coupled system,methane yield was further increased by 24.1%,achieving to 360.2 m L/g-COD,which was comparable to the theoretical methane yield of an anaerobic digester.With the presence of Geobacter,the maximum chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate(216.8 mg COD/(L·hr))and current density(304.3 A/m_3)were both increased by 1.3 and 1.8 fold compared to the previous study without Geobacter,resulting in overall energy efficiency reaching up to 74.6%.Community analysis demonstrated that Geobacter and Methanosarcina could coexist together in the biofilm,and the electrochemical activities of both were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry.Our study observed that the carbon dioxide content in total gas generated from the AD reactor with Geobacter was only half of that generated from the same reactor without Geobacter,suggesting that Methanosarcina may obtain the electron transferred from Geobacter for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane.Taken together,Geobacter not only can improve the performance of the MEC system,but also can enhance methane production. 相似文献
282.
不同模式对珠三角地区细颗粒物污染模拟效果对比评估 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
运用CAMxv5.4、CMAQv4.7.1、CMAQv5.0.2(AEOR5)和CMAQv5.02(AEOR6)模拟2013年12月珠三角地区空气质量,并对比评估不同模式、不同模式版本、不同气溶胶机制在PM_(2.5)模拟上的表现.各模式在PM_(2.5)的模拟上均表现良好,呈现出合理且相似的时空特征,在市区和非超标时段CAMx模式表现最优,而在郊区和超标时段则不存在表现最优的模式.CMAQ系列模式在市区和郊区、超标时段和非超标时段均表现相似,CMAQ4模式表现均优于CMAQ5系列模式,而CMAQ5AE6模式在反映PM_(2.5)的浓度水平的能力上强于CMAQ5AE5模式,但在重现PM_(2.5)小时浓度变化趋势的能力上却劣于CMAQ5AE5模式.边界条件是不同模式PM_(2.5)模拟差异的主要来源之一,且在超标时段边界条件对PM_(2.5)模拟效果的影响大于非超标时段.此外,CAMx模式与CMAQ5AE5模式之间硫酸盐、硝酸盐和有机颗粒的差异导致了其PM_(2.5)模拟表现上差异,CMAQ4模式与CMAQ5AE5模式之间硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐等无机盐组分的差异是导致其PM_(2.5)模拟差异的主要原因,硝酸盐和铵盐的差异是CMAQ5AE5模式与CMAQ5AE6模式之间PM_(2.5)模拟差异的主要因素. 相似文献
283.
环境影响评价基础数据库是对环境影响评价的重要资源信息支撑,其自身的标准化水平直接关系到环境影响评价基础数据的持续积累、开发利用和共享服务,当前迫切需要建立其标准规范体系。本文分析了环境影响评价基础数据库标准规范在环境标准中的定位和业务需求,基于对国内外相关资源信息标准体系对比分析,提出了包括三类标准的体系结构,即指导标准、通用标准和专用标准。借鉴开放地理空间联盟(OGC)参考模型的企业视角,设计了环境影响评价基础数据库标准规范体系框架,具体包括4项指导标准、涵盖6类标准子项的30项通用标准和若干专用标准。基于已有实践经验,提出了标准规范制定的4条基本原则。 相似文献
284.
285.
Tonggang Shen Hanchang Shi Huiming Shi He Jing Huilei Xiong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):130-139
To improve the efficiency of nitrogen removal with lower energy consumption, the study of feedforward control was carried
out on a pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxicoxic (AAO) plant for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The effluent qualities of
the pilot plant under different control strategies were investigated. The results indicated that the change of external recycle
was not a suitable approach to regulate the sludge concentration of plug-flow reactors; adjusting the aeration valve and dissolved
oxygen set-point according to ammonia load could overcome the impact of influent fluctuation; and the denitrification potential
could be estimated based on the transit time of anoxic zone and the relative content of carbon resource entering the anoxic
zone. Simple feedforward control strategies for aeration and internal recycle were subsequently proposed and validated. The
nitrogen removal was successfully improved in the pilot plant. The effluent total nitrogen had decreased by 29.9% and was
steadily controlled below 15 mg·L−1. Furthermore, approximately 38% of the energy for aeration had been saved. 相似文献
286.
Zhaoxing Han Zhenyao Shen Yongwei Gong Qian Hong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):119-129
Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional
zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this
study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality
control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year
by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period,
emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement
in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water
standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source
pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi
River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal
period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and
December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source
pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above
should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ. 相似文献
287.
随着经济社会的快速发展,各种灾害事故层出不穷,建立以公安消防部队为主的基层应急救援队伍,既是一项惠及民生的系统工程,也是新形势下完善应急救援管理体系的一个崭新课题。本文从盐城地区基层应急救援队伍建设的实际出发,深入分析了当前影响基层应急救援队伍建设与发展的主要因素和关键环节,提出了加强基层应急救援能力建设的措施,并从应急救援的格局、机制、基础和保障等四个方面进行了详细阐述。 相似文献
288.
本研究的厌氧反应器具有UASB工艺与两相消化装置的特点,将发酸酵、甲烷发酵、沉淀分离3个工艺过程有效地组合成一体,并利用所产生的沼气及水位变化控制进行无需外加动力与设备的自动回流搅拌,以适应于处理高悬浮物的废水,并避免堵塞、短流与浮渣板结等问题。120L反应器在35℃下处理好氧剩余污泥的试验表明,在HRT3.53—8.57d条件下,其有机物去除率达51.4%—58.6%,在HRT为7.5d时,其有机负荷为2.97kgSS/(m~3·d),COD负荷为3.89kgCOD/(m~3·d),平均有机物去除率为55.3%,所产沼气含甲烷60%以上。 相似文献
289.
本文提出了以固定混合器作为促进混合效果装置的快速混合法,并以E.Coli作为指示微生物、液氯作为消毒剂进行了研究。结果表明,均匀快速而剧烈的初始混合作用,可大大改善灭菌效果。在短至5秒的接触时间内即可达到99.99%以上的灭活效率。投氯量和接触时间对E.Coli灭活率的影响随混合程度的提高而减弱。与传统法相比,灭活率可提高100倍以上,投氯量可下降4—8倍,接触时间可大大缩短。 相似文献
290.
湿法烟道气脱硫脱硝反应动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,发展的同时脱硫脱硝方法,是借助于氧化不容易溶解的NO到容易溶解的NO_2,或者利用水溶性亚铁螯合物作为一种催化剂加速NO的吸收,也就是亚铁螯合物能够与NO形成一个络合物而促进NO的吸收。或者应用水溶液中NO_x被溶解的SO_2还原形成N_2,N_2O或还原到氮化物如NOH(SO_3~(2-)_2、 NH_2SO_3~-和NH_4~+而除去,而SO_2被氧化生成硫酸盐。本文综述了湿法烟道气脱硫脱硝反应动力学和机理以及一些中间化合物形成与消失的过程。 相似文献