用模拟分析方法进行海上平台冷放空设计

目前的冷放空主要通过规范推荐值和设计人员的经验进行设计,海上平台精细化设计和平台安全的需要,给冷放空设计提出了更高的要求。随着计算机和数值模拟技术的发展,很有必要利用模拟分析方法进行海上平台冷放空设计。以某平台为例,介绍了用FLUENT和FLARESIM软件进行海上平台冷放空设计的方法,综合分析了噪音、意外点燃热辐射及有害气体扩散的影响。     

镇江老城区降雨地表径流污染特征分析

城市道路地表径流污染已经成为城市水体恶化的重要原因之一。为了解镇江老城区地表径流污染特征,2010年7月到8月对镇江老城区的城市客厅、江滨新村以及南门夜市这3个汇水区域在不同降雨强度下的地表径流进行监测分析。结果表明,3个汇水区域地表径流水质COD、NH3-N、SS均超出国家地表水环境V类标准,其中南门夜市(商业区)污染最为严重;从降雨-径流过程污染物浓度历时变化看,各个水质参数均呈现一定的初始冲刷现象,初期雨水污染浓度极高,随降雨历时的延长污染物浓度逐渐下降并趋于稳定;干期长度与降雨强度对地表径流水质参数COD、NH3-N的影响较显著。     

三种改性淀粉的制备及其缓蚀阻垢性能比较研究

通过对已有的缓蚀阻垢剂的研究和使用现状进行分析,总结其中存在的不足,并从经济角度考虑出发,将原料易得的马铃薯淀粉进行改性,分别制得双醛淀粉(DAPS)、羧基化淀粉(CPS)与氧化磷酸化淀粉(OPPS),并对3种改性淀粉的静态缓蚀性能及阻垢性能进行比较研究,研究表明,CPS和OPPS都具有良好的阻垢性能,但受温度影响较明显;在相同条件下,OPPS、CPS相对于DAPS而言,对碳钢和黄铜的缓蚀性能更好.     

放电降解苯酚的能量计算及火花放电的控制

实验观察了脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解水中有机污染物苯酚过程中的电压波形图及参数,并对其进行了分析研究,讨论了降解过程中的能量计算问题,分析了放电过程中产生火花放电的原因,并提出了控制火花放电的方法。在其它放电参数相同的情况下。比较了有无泄放电路对苯酚降解率的影响。     

模糊综合评价在建筑机械管理中的应用

应用模糊综合评价方法对建筑机械管理进行定量的综合评判,以期能够定量地预警。     

高压脉冲等离子体降解水中苯酚的实验研究

对高压脉冲放电等离子体技术降解水中有机污染物苯酚进行了实验研究,观察了脉冲成形电容、脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、放电电极直径、放电距离、苯酚的人口质量浓度等因素对苯酚降解率的影响;实验结果表明脉冲成形电容有一最佳值;降解率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率增大而升高,随放电电极直径和放电距离的减小而增大,随苯酚人口质量浓度增大而增大。     

台风之夜的营救--上海市金山区山阳渔民海上获救纪实

2005年8月5日中午,“麦莎”台风向上海袭三类的信息传利到金山区山阳镇海业村,吃过中饭,     

Characterization and sources of PAHs in an urban river system in Beijing,China

Water samples from 20 locations on rivers in the Tongzhou District of Beijing were collected four times from July 2005 to March 2006. In addition, sediment samples were collected in July 2005. All samples were analyzed for 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The concentration, distribution, seasonal variation, and sources of the 16 PAH compounds identified in the water samples, suspended particles, and surface sediments were then evaluated. The concentrations of PAHs in the water and suspended particle and surface sediment samples ranged from 87.3 to 1,890 ng l⁻¹, 1,330 to 27,700 ng g⁻¹, and 156 to 8,650 ng g⁻¹, respectively. These results demonstrated that rivers in the Tongzhou District of Beijing had a high level of PAH pollution, especially in the suspended particles. The highest and lowest concentrations of PAHs in the water samples were observed in summer and spring. However, the seasonal variations in the concentration of PAHs in the suspended particles were more complicated. The dominant compounds in the water, suspended particle, and surface sediment samples were two-, three- and four-ring PAH compounds, respectively. Ratio analysis illustrated that fuel-burning was the primary source of PAHs in the study area. Gasoline, diesel, coal, and coke oven sources were identified and the contributions of the different fuel-burning sources were then calculated using factor analysis and multiple linear regression. These analyses revealed that coal combustion, gasoline combustion plus coke oven emission, and diesel combustion accounted for 38.8%, 38.5%, and 22.7% of the PAHs in suspended particles, respectively.     

Factors influencing the photodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water

In order to provide basic data for practical application, photodegradation experiment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in aqueous solution was carried out with a low-pressure Hg lamp. Effects of the initial concentration of NDMA, solution pH, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of humic acid on NDMA photodegradation were investigated. NDMA at various initial concentrations selected in this study was almost completely photodegraded by UV irradiation within 20 min, except that at 1.07 mmol/L, NDMA could be photodegraded almost completely in the acidic and neutral solutions, while the removal efficiency decreased remarkably in the alkaline solution. Dissolved oxygen enhanced the NDMA photodegradation, and the presence of humic acid inhibited the degradation of NDMA. Depending on the initial concentration of NDMA, NDMA photodegradation by UV obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Dimethylamine, nitrite, and nitrate were detected as the photodegradation products of NDMA. ¹O₂ was found to be the reactive oxygen species present in the NDMA photodegradation process by UV, based on the inhibiting experiments using tert-butanol and sodium azide.     

2种经典模型对抗生素与重金属锌的蛋白核小球藻时间依赖联合毒性作用的评估比较

污染物在环境中普遍以混合物的形式存在,其累积毒性与毒性相互作用具有潜在的环境风险。因此,本研究以水环境中普遍存在的氨基糖苷类抗生素(硫酸链霉素、硫酸安普霉素和双氢链霉素)和重金属锌(Zn)为目标污染物,以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa,C. pyrenoidosa)为指示生物,应用直接均分射线法设计3种抗生素与Zn的3个二元混合物体系,应用时间毒性微板分析法系统测定3种抗生素和重金属Zn及其二元混合物射线的时间-浓度-毒性数据,以浓度加和(concentration addition,CA)与独立作用(independent action,IA)为标准加和参考模型,分析混合物毒性相互作用及其随时间变化规律。结果表明,随着暴露时间延长,3种抗生素和重金属Zn对C. pyrenoidosa的毒性逐渐增强; 2种模型对3个二元混合物体系的毒性相互作用评估基本一致,即在低浓度区域始终呈现加和作用,而在高浓度区域随暴露时间延长由协同作用逐渐转变为加和作用;而对于同一混合物体系,CA和IA模型预测毒性之间的差距随着浓度增加而增加,且IA预测曲线始终位于CA预测曲线上方,显示了IA模型在评估具有相异组分混合物的毒性时较CA模型接近实际观测值。