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371.
372.
中国省际经济水平、环境污染与环境治理水平关系的定量分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用统计方法对28个省市的环境与经济统计资料作了定量分析.结果表明,经济发展水平同人均环境污染水平呈正相关,同单位产值环境污染水平呈负相关;人均污染水平与污染治理水平呈正相关;单位产值污染水平同污染治理水平呈负相关;经济发展水平同污染治理水平呈正相关.利用对应分析方法提取2个主因子,划分出五种各具特点的经济环境类型. 相似文献
373.
Preparations of organobentonite using nonionic surfactants 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Shen YH 《Chemosphere》2001,44(5):989-995
Due to hydrophilic environment at its surface, natural bentonite is an ineffective sorbent for nonpolar nonionic organic compounds in water even though it has high surface area. The surface properties of natural bentonite can be greatly modified by simple ion-exchange reactions with large organic cations (cationic surfactants) and this organobentonite is highly effective in removing nonionic organic compounds from water. Cationic surfactant derived organobentonites have been investigated extensively for a wide variety of environmental applications. In this study, the preparation of organobentonite using nonionic surfactants has been investigated for the first time. Results indicate that nonionic surfactants intercalates into the interlamellar space of bentonite and may demonstrate higher sorption capacity than cationic surfactant. It is possible to create large interlayer spacing and high organic carbon content organobentonite by use of nonionic surfactants with suitable balance between the hydrocarbon and ethylene oxide chain lengths. In addition, nonionic surfactant derived organobentonites are more chemically stable than cationic surfactant derived organobentonites. 相似文献
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Leaching and uptake of heavy metals by ten different species of plants during an EDTA-assisted phytoextraction process 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
In a pot experiment, the potential use of 10 plant species, including six dicotyledon species and four monocotyledon species, was investigated for the EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction of Pb from contaminated soil. Mung bean and buckwheat had a higher sensitivity to the EDTA treatment in soils. In the 2.5 and 5.0 mmol kg(-1) EDTA treatments, the Pb concentrations in the shoots of the six dicotyledon species ranged from 1,000 to 3,000 mg kg(-1) of dry matter, which were higher than those of the monocotyledon species. The highest amount of phytoextracted Pb (2.9 mg Pb pot(-1)) was achieved in sunflowers, due to the high concentration of Pb in their shoots and large biomass, followed by corns (1.8 mg Pb pot(-1)) and peas (1.1 mg Pb pot(-1)). The leaching behavior of heavy metals as a result of applying EDTA to the surface of the soil was also investigated using short soil-leaching columns (9.0-cm diameter, 20-cm height) by the percolation of artificial rainfall. About 3.5%, 15.8%, 13.7% and 20.6% of soil Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd, respectively, were leached from the soil columns after the application of 5.0 mmol kg(-1) of EDTA. The growth of sunflowers in the soil columns had little effect on the amount of metals that were leached out. This was probably due to the shallowness of the layer of soil, the short time-span of the uptake of metals by the plant and the plant's simple root systems. 相似文献
377.
The parameters affecting the electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of hydroxyl free radical in water are studied and optimized. The hydroxyl radical is generated by the Fenton reaction with iron (II) ammonium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide reacting in a phosphate buffer using N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitron as the spin trap. The concentrations of Fe2+, H2O2, and phosphate buffer are the parameters studied. The Taguchi method and the orthogonal experiment design were used to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the ESR signal intensity. By the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance, the order of importance of the various parameters on the hydroxyl radical formation is determined for optimal ESR detection of hydroxyl radical. The results will help the development of water purification technologies using hydroxyl free radical as a green oxidant. 相似文献
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Shen YH 《Chemosphere》2002,48(10):1075-1079
This study investigates the feasibility of using ethylene oxide chain adsorption to determine the surface area of an expandable clay, montmorillonite. Experimental results indicate that high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) or nonionic surfactant with long ethylene oxide chain should be used to provide reasonable estimations for monolayer capacity. The method has advantages over Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method in that it is readily applicable to a wide range of areas, particularly to 2:1 layer silicates under aqueous conditions. 相似文献
380.
粤北岩溶区的石漠化及其治理对策探讨 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
粤北岩溶石山地区分布有面积广泛的碳酸盐岩发育多种岩溶地貌。由于该地区的特殊地质、水文、气候等自然因子的影响,其岩溶生态环境脆弱,环境容量低,敏感度高,抗干扰能力弱。在不合理的人类活动和自然因素作用下,易引发出一系列的生态问题。岩溶生态环境开始恶化,植被走向逆向演替等,最后出现大面积的石山,发生石演化观象。 相似文献