论强制公开超标超量排污信息中的企业定位

随着企业环境压力的日益增大和公众环境知情权意识的不断提高,企业环境信息的强制公开成为了有效的管理政策与措施。但是制度构建的同时也要注重实践的可操作性和结果的易得性。现行立法规范缺乏系统性,对违反规定的企业也未能有力地追究其责任,最终导致法律规定形同虚设。结合现有的法律法规,将企业作为超标超量排污信息的提供者,而将强制信息公开的义务主体规定为环境保护部门,可从根本上克服信息瑕疵,督促企业的绿色排污。     

火电厂氮氧化物控制技术探讨

氮氧化物是“十二五”期间国家污染物总量控制对象之一.本文在概述国内火电厂氮氧化物控制法规的基础上,详细论述了目前火电行业烟气中氮氧化物的主要控制技术、研究及应用现状、优缺点,并简要总结了我国火电行业氮氧化物控制存在的问题,最后对国内火电行业氮氧化物的污染控制提出了建议.     

白龙江溶解有机碳的空间分布、来源及其控制因素探究

流域碳循环是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,也是研究的热点,但是目前对于高原流域碳循环的认识仍然不足。白龙江流域位于青藏高原东缘,是研究高原流域碳循环的理想地区之一。为了研究白龙江流域河流水体中溶解有机碳(DOC)的空间分布特征、来源及其影响因素,我们对白龙江流域河流水体进行了系统的空间序列采样并对河流水体水温、p H、电导率(EC)、DOC浓度、DOC的稳定碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C_(DOC))及紫外-可见光吸收光谱特征等进行测试分析。分析结果显示,白龙江流域DOC浓度为0.4～4.1 mg/L,平均值为1.4 mg/L,δ~(13)C_(DOC)变化范围为-27.2‰～-26.2‰。研究结果表明白龙江源区高海拔区域DOC含量在全流域内最高,自源区至下游,DOC含量逐渐降低,干流中、下游DOC浓度值基本相同,南部DOC含量由上游支流至下游支流逐渐减少。白龙江流域DOC含量与土壤有机碳含量和α(254)之间明显的正相关性,以及δ~(13)C_(DOC)的分布范围等,均表明DOC主要来源于以C3植物为主的陆源有机质,其空间分布受到海拔(温度)和土地利用控制。     

弹药运输中的静电危害与防护对策研究

未来信息化战争弹药消耗量非常大,汽车运输保障任务将异常繁重.在弹药的运输过程中,容易产生并积聚静电,对运输安全构成了严重威胁.着重分析了弹药运输中静电产生的原因及危害,提出了危害评估标准,并建立了静电危害模型,最后给出了相应的防护措施.     

Preliminary study of groundwater denitrification using a composite membrane bioreactor

A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification. The CMBR had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate-containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution; the compartments were separated by the composite membrane consisting of a microporous membrane facing the influent and an immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective compartments into the immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as the carbon source. The microporous membrane was attached to one side of the immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Relative to the single dose of external ethanol, the two-dose supplementation produced better treatment results as evidenced by the lower concentrations of NO₃⁻-N and ethanol (as measured by total organic carbon) of the effluent. The batch treatment in CMBR removed most of the nitrate in the influent and attained a stable denitrification rate of 0.1 g·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for most of the 96-h cycles during the 30-cycle study. The effluent was essentially free of ethanol and nitrite nitrogen.     

江苏省粮食生产时空变化及影响因素分析

为了研究江苏省农用地粮食生产的时空变化及其影响因素,论文分析了2000年和2006年江苏省农用地粮食单产和总产的空间格局及其变化情况,同时,分析了人为影响因素和气象因素对江苏省农用地粮食单产的影响。结果表明:江苏省农用地粮食单产空间分布差异表现为由南往北不断减少的格局,这个格局2006年与2000年相比没有发生改变,但是,随着近年表现出苏北和苏中粮食单产增加大于苏南的趋势,苏南地区的粮食单产优势在渐渐消失,苏中地区成为江苏省粮食单产的另一个高值区,局部地区接近苏南的单产水平。2000年粮食总产分布表现为高值区多中心的格局,高值区主要分布在苏中和苏北地区,但到2006年后粮食总产高值区在苏北和苏中连片,其他地方的高值区消失。从论文分析结果来看,人为影响因素和降水变化是江苏省近年农用地粮食生产空间格局变化的主要影响因素。粮食生产格局的时空变化需要引起有关部门的注意,其结论可以为相关部门提供决策参考。     

Toxic effects of perfluorononanoic acid on the development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a nine-carbon perfluoroalkyl acid widely used in industrial and domestic products. It is a persistent organic pollutant found in the environment as well as in the tissues of humans and wildlife. There is a concern that this chemical might be a developmental toxicant and teratogen in various ecosystems. In the present study, the toxic effects of PFNA were evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. One hour post-fertilization embryos were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 350, and 400 μmol/L PFNA for 96 hr in 6-well plates. Developmental phenotypes and hatching rates were observed and recorded. Nineteen genes related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism were examined using Quantitative RT-PCR and confirmed by whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH). Results showed that PFNA delayed the development of zebrafish embryos, reduced the hatching rate, and caused ventricular edema and malformation of the spine. In addition, the amount of reactive oxygen species in the embryo bodies increased significantly after exposure to PFNA compared with that of the control group. The Quantitative RT-PCR and WISH experiments demonstrated that mRNA expression of the lfabp and ucp2 genes increased significantly while that of sod1 and mt-nd1 decreased significantly after PFNA exposure. The mRNA expression levels of gpx1 and mt-atp6 decreased significantly in the high concentration group. However, the mRNA expression levels of both ppara and pparg did not show any significant variation after exposure. These findings suggest that PFNA affected the development of zebrafish embryos at relatively low concentrations.     

油品长输管道泄漏事故原因分析及防范措施

分析了油品长输管道泄漏的3种主要原因:外力破坏、管道腐蚀穿孔和管道本体缺陷,并根据这3种主要原因提出了具有针对性的防范措施,通过这些措施的实施可以有效地降低管道的泄漏风险.     

北京市中水回用实施现状和发展前景

随着人口和城市规模的不断扩大以及经济的快速发展,北京市水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐,水体污染形势严峻。加强中水回用,是节水治污的良方,也是建设绿色北京、发展循环经济的内在要求。目前北京市的居民用水和生活污水排放量,均远高于工业用水和工业污水排放量,然而中水回用却主要集中在工农业领域。因此笔者认为,北京市中水回用的发展方向,是加大居民区中水回用的开发,使节水治污的整体效果上一台阶。     

秸秆发电环保性能研究

文章阐述了国内外秸秆发电现状,并单独突出了江苏省秸秆发电情况。分析了秸秆发电过程中产生污染物的控制技术;通过秸秆与煤炭对比研究,同时结合国内秸秆电厂运行情况,对技术改造前后污染物排放情况作了对比分析,阐明了秸秆发电的环保性能,结果显示,CO2、SO2、烟尘、灰渣减排量可观。最后结合国内秸秆发电厂运行现状不乐观的情况,总结了秸秆发电实际运行中存在成本偏高、核心技术不成熟、灰渣利用等问题。