基于碳减排目标与排放标准约束情景的火电大气污染物减排潜力

从我国"十四五"及2035年远景目标经济发展预测出发,结合碳减排战略目标下的既有与强化政策情景,基于弹性系数法预测电力需求,测算在不同污染物排放标准约束情景下火电大气污染物排放情况及减排潜力,结果表明,在不同的政策和排放标准约束情景下,我国火电行业烟尘、SO2和NOx排放水平变化呈现出不同的趋势,到2035年,在2016年水平上的减排潜力分别在45.97％～85.37％、52.61％～84.90％和33.80％～71.08％之间,来自碳减排目标下政策因素带来的减排潜力,较不同污染物排放标准约束条件带来的减排潜力更为明显,在强化政策情景下,采取保持模式标准约束的污染物减排潜力已与超低模式基本相当,甚至超过或接近既有政策下采取收严模式标准约束的效果,通过强化实施能源和电力优化政策,加快实现火电发电量达峰,合理引导高污染排放水平火电机组优先退出生产,同样可使火电大气污染物排放得到有效控制,还可避免环保改造投资的浪费和损失.     

国家重点生态功能区产业准入负面清单制度的现状、问题与优化建议

国家重点生态功能区对维护国家和区域生态安全至关重要,产业准入负面清单制度是促进区域国土空间布局优化、引导产业绿色发展的重要举措。本文分别选取了水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙、生物多样性维护不同类型国家重点生态功能区的案例区,深入开展产业准入负面清单制定的现状分析与问题识别。结果表明：现有产业准入负面清单以限制类为主且多为现有发展产业,禁止类产业较少且多为规划发展产业,在实施过程中仍存在与主体功能定位不符、区域协调性不足、实施困难大、缺乏动态跟踪管理等四方面问题。在此基础上,结合国家有关政策要求和不同区域主导功能定位,提出水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙、生物多样性维护四类重点生态功能区的通用性和差异性产业准入负面清单优化政策建议,为国家重点生态功能区保护与管理提供决策参考。     

Cl,Br, B,Li, and noble gases isotopes to study the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in sedimentary basins: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Deep groundwater characteristics provide valuable information on oil and gas extraction and evolution of hydrosphere, and nonmetallic...     

Exposure to phthalates in early pregnancy and the risk of fetal growth restriction: a nested case–control study in a Zhuang Chinese population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phthalates (PAEs) are common endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that disrupt fetal development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of...     

近地表气象风速对固定点位环境空气PM_(2.5)污染贡献影响研究

根据2019—2021年江苏省13个市的近地面风速、风向及细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的小时监测结果,计算不同风速区间频度及PM_(2.5)污染贡献占比的影响。结果表明,风速区间频度及PM_(2.5)污染贡献占比对监测点位的影响存在一定差异。在固定点位周边半径7 km内,绝对影响风速频度为78.9%,PM_(2.5)贡献占比为82.4%;半径3 km内,直接影响风速频度为70.4%,PM_(2.5)贡献占比为80.6%。从区域变化来看,0~3 m/s风速区间内,各市风速频度贡献为59.4%~92.0%,平均值为78.9%。以南京、连云港某大气自动站为例,站点的PM_(2.5)贡献占比、影响风速频度与站点半径呈反比例关系。     

不同阻控措施对生菜中镉铅累积及品质的影响

为探索受重金属镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）复合污染农田的安全利用技术,实现农产品安全生产,采用盆栽试验,以低铅镉累积品种生菜（KCW）为供试材料,研究2种土壤钝化剂和5种叶面阻控剂对生菜中Cd和Pb累积及品质的影响.结果表明,不同阻控措施对生菜土壤pH值影响不同,其中施用45 g ·m^-2生物炭基钝化剂对提升土壤pH值差异最显著,较CK提高了0.8个单位;施用72 g ·m^-2腐殖酸钝化剂对降低生菜土壤pH值差异最显著,较CK显著降低了0.25个单位.在所有阻控措施中,施用45g ·m^-2生物炭基钝化剂对土壤有效态Cd含量的降低效果最好,较CK显著降低53%,施用135g ·m^-2生物炭基钝化剂对土壤有效态Pb含量的降低效果最好,较CK显著降低64%.喷施0.8% FAK-Zn叶面阻控剂不仅对降低生菜可食部Cd、Pb含量的阻控效果最佳,分别较CK显著降低77%和60%,且还显著降低生菜可食部Cd、Pb富集系数和根部向可食部的转运系数.不同阻控措施对生菜营养品质影响不同,其中0.4% FAK-Zn叶面阻控剂对可溶性蛋白提升效果最佳;0.6% FAK-Zn对可溶性糖提升效果最佳,0.4% FAK-Zn阻控剂对维生素C含量提升效果最佳.总之,施用生物炭基钝化剂可有效地修复受Cd和Pb复合污染的生菜土壤,而喷施FAK-Zn叶面阻控剂可有效地抑制生菜中Cd和Pb富集吸收转移,并能改善提升生菜营养品质,为重金属复合污染的蔬菜安全生产提供理论依据,促进资源与环境的循环利用.     

大亚湾红海束毛藻赤潮生消过程研究

2004年6月15～18日广东省大亚湾海域发生了一次红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)赤潮,面积达100 km2,本文在现场监测与室内模拟实验的基础上,探讨了赤潮过程中红海束毛藻数量的时空分布特点及其与营养盐的关系.结果表明,赤潮高峰期(18日),表层红海束毛藻密度与叶绿素a浓度的平面分布趋势相同,呈现中心区>过渡区>边缘区的特点,且与水体营养盐含量(尤其是N、P)正相关;密度的垂直分布趋势是随水深的增加而迅速递减;表层藻细胞数量和叶绿素a浓度的最大值分别为4.71×107 /L和51.6 mg/m3.室内模拟实验结果显示,稀释对红海束毛藻的生长有促进作用,N: P比为16时对其生长的促进作用最大.本文还初步探讨了此次赤潮的来源和消亡的原因.     

Effect of land-use and land-cover change on nutrients in soil in Bashang area,China

The Bashang area is a water-source area and ecological barrier zone for Beijing and Tianjin. The area is located at 200 km from Beijing and Tianjin and is a typical agriculture-pasture-interlacing zone, in which theis vulnerable and hence it is sensitive to anvironmental change. The area is relatively lagged in social and economic development, where the traditional cultivation mode is predominatedin agriculture and animal husbandry, but the disturbance by human activity is relatively small. Therefore, in order to reveal the interrelation between eco-environmental change in the area and environmental change in Beijing and Tianjin area, it is fairly necessary to study the effect of land-use and land-cover change on nutrients in soil in this area. According to the actual situation of changed land use for the limited time period, five series of changed land plots were selected and 4 samples were collected from each series for the study. The samples were collected from different soil-forming levels at the same site in different time. Analysis of the collected samples indicates that in the process of change of land use and land cover, the nutrients in soil, such as organic matter, total N, total P, total K, and available N, P, K, and B, Mo, Mn,Zn, Cu, and Fe, have regularly changed. When the land had changed from grassland and non-irrigated farmland into woodland, and from non-irrigated farmland into irrigated field, the nutrients in soil totally increased. But there exists some exception, i.e. quick-acting N, P, K, and some micreelements have appeared to be inconsistent with the mentioned above regularity in some cases.     

提升人文旅游资源价值的环境经济政策分析--以世界文化遗产平遥古城为例

本文通过分析人文旅游资源形成、人文旅游资源价值构成与环境的关系，揭示了改善生态环境对提升人文旅游资源价值的重要作用，进而剖析了为改善旅游资源生态环境而消除外部性成本和合理界定自然资源价值的经济政策机制，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

Has EU ETS caused carbon leakage in the EU carbon-intensive industries?A study from the perspective of bilateral trade

Reducing carbon leakage is one of the important reasons that was put forward by the EU for their border adjustment tax proposal.However,there are not many empirical evidences supporting significant carbon leakage in the EU carbonintensive industries.This paper applied the structural breakpoint test for the time series of import and export of cement,aluminum,and steel between EU and China.No significant structural changes were detected in the import and export of cement and aluminum.However,there proved to be two breakpoints,i.e.,2003 and 2008,in the import and export of steel,in which at the second point the overall level of steel import increased.Furthermore,Granger causality test was applied to the carbon price from European Climate Exchange and the import and export of steel.It was found that the carbon price was the Granger cause for the changes of steel import,but not the Granger cause for the export.The results of the study showed that the impacts of EU ETS on the EU carbon-intensive industries were limited.Among the three industries,partial evidence of carbon leakage was only found in the steel industry.Therefore,reducing carbon leakage could not serve as a convincing justification for border adjustment tax.