全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2205篇 |
免费 | 98篇 |
国内免费 | 740篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 167篇 |
废物处理 | 134篇 |
环保管理 | 160篇 |
综合类 | 1214篇 |
基础理论 | 388篇 |
污染及防治 | 685篇 |
评价与监测 | 78篇 |
社会与环境 | 59篇 |
灾害及防治 | 158篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 117篇 |
2021年 | 102篇 |
2020年 | 59篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 78篇 |
2017年 | 103篇 |
2016年 | 112篇 |
2015年 | 140篇 |
2014年 | 156篇 |
2013年 | 225篇 |
2012年 | 177篇 |
2011年 | 189篇 |
2010年 | 149篇 |
2009年 | 121篇 |
2008年 | 145篇 |
2007年 | 120篇 |
2006年 | 104篇 |
2005年 | 76篇 |
2004年 | 63篇 |
2003年 | 74篇 |
2002年 | 61篇 |
2001年 | 58篇 |
2000年 | 59篇 |
1999年 | 79篇 |
1998年 | 61篇 |
1997年 | 56篇 |
1996年 | 49篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 38篇 |
1992年 | 31篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3043条查询结果,搜索用时 875 毫秒
191.
Vegetation type and density exhibited a considerable patchy distribution at very local scales in the Yellow River Delta, due to the spatial variation of soil salinity and water scarcity. We proposed that soil respiration is affected by the spatial variations in vegetation type and soil chemical properties and tested this hypothesis in three different vegetation patches (Phragmites australis, Suaeda heteroptera and bare soil) in winter (from November 2010 to April 2011). At diurnal scale, soil respiration all displayed single-peak curves and asymmetric patterns in the three vegetation patches; At seasonal scale, soil respiration all declined steadily until February, and then increased to a peak in next April. But, the magnitude of soil respiration showed significant differences among the three sites. Mean soil respiration rates in winter were 0.60, 0.45 and 0.17 μmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) for the Phragmites australis, Suaeda heteroptera and bare soil, respectively. The combined effect of soil temperature and soil moisture accounted for 58-68 % of the seasonal variation of winter soil respiration. The mean soil respiration revealed positive and linear correlations with total N, total N and SOC storages at 0-20 cm depth, and plant biomass among the three sites. We conclude that the patchy distribution of plant biomass and soil chemical properties (total C, total N and SOC) may affect decomposition rate of soil organic matter in winter, thereby leading to spatial variations in soil respiration. 相似文献
192.
Jin Hua Li Shu Mei Jiao Rong Qing Gao Richard D. Bardgett 《Environmental management》2012,50(6):1193-1203
Plant–soil interactions are known to influence a wide range of ecosystem-level functions. Moreover, the recovery of these functions is of importance for the successful restoration of soils that have been degraded through intensive and/or inappropriate land use. Here, we assessed the effect of planting treatments commonly used to accelerate rates of grassland restoration, namely introduction of different legume species Medicago sativa, Astragalus adsurgens, Melilotus suaveolens, on the recovery of soil microbial communities and carbon and nitrogen contents in abandoned fields of the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed effects were species-specific, and either positive, neutral or negative depending on the measure and time-scale. All legumes increased basal respiration and metabolic quotient and had a positive effect on activity and functional diversity of the soil microbial community, measured using Biolog EcoPlate. However, soil under Astragalus adsurgens had the highest activity and functional diversity relative to the other treatments. Soil carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass were effectively restored in 3–5?years by introducing Medicago sativa and Astragalus adsurgens into early abandoned fields. Soil carbon and nitrogen content were retarded in 3–5?years and microbial biomass was retarded in the fifth year by introducing Melilotus suaveolens. Overall, the restoration practices of planting legumes can significantly affect soil carbon and nitrogen contents, and the biomass, activity, and functional diversity of soil microbial community. Therefore, we propose certain legume species could be used to accelerate ecological restoration of degraded soils, hence assist in the protection and preservation of the environment. 相似文献
193.
194.
采用室内模拟实验方法,研究环境因子(温度、pH、扰动强度、供气量)对底泥释放COD的影响。结果表明,水温升高能加速底泥中有机质的释放;上覆水在弱酸至中性条件下底泥释放有机质最低;扰动上覆水体会加快有机质的释放。 相似文献
195.
Gao J Powers K Wang Y Zhou H Roberts SM Moudgil BM Koopman B Barber DS 《Chemosphere》2012,89(1):96-101
Adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) on nanoparticles can have dramatic impacts on particle dispersion resulting in altered fate and transport as well as bioavailability and toxicity. In this study, the adsorption of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) on silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) was determined and showed a Langmuir adsorption at pH 7 with an adsorption maximum of 28.6 mg g−1 nano-Ag. It was also revealed that addition of <10 mg L−1 total organic carbon (TOC) increased the total Ag content suspended in the aquatic system, likely due to increased dispersion. Total silver content decreased with concentrations of NOM greater than 10 mg TOC L−1 indicating an increase in nanoparticle agglomeration and settling above this concentration. However, SRHA did not have any significant effect on the equilibrium concentration of ionic Ag dissolved in solution. Exposure of Daphnia to nano-Ag particles (50 μg L−1 and pH 7) produced a linear decrease in toxicity with increasing NOM. These results clearly indicate the importance of water chemistry on the fate and toxicity of nanoparticulates. 相似文献
196.
Liang B Yao Q Cheng H Gao S Kong F Cui D Guo Y Ren N Wang A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1385-1391
Purpose
With the aim of enhanced degradation of azo dye alizarin yellow R (AY) and further removal of the low-strength recalcitrant matter (LsRM) of the secondary effluent as much as possible, our research focused on the combination of aerobic bio-contact oxidation (ABO) with iron/carbon microelectrolysis (ICME) process.Materials and methods
The combined ABO (with effective volume of 2.4?l) and ICME (with effectively volume of 0.4?l) process were studied with relatively short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 or 6?h.Results
At the HRT of 6?h with the reflux ratio of 1 and 2, the AY degradation efficiency in the final effluent was >96.5%, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were 69.86% and 79.44%, respectively. At the HRT of 4?h and the reflux ratio of 2, TOC removal efficiency and AY degradation efficiency were 73.94% and 94.89%, respectively. The ICME process obviously enhanced the total AY removal and the generated micromolecule acids and aldehydes then that wastewater backflow to the ABO where they were further biodegraded.Conclusion
The present research might provide the potential options for the advanced treatment azo dyes wastewater with short HRT and acceptable running costs. 相似文献197.
Xu J Zhang JS Liu X Gao Z 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(6):671-679
The partition and effective diffusion coefficients of formaldehyde were measured for three materials (conventional gypsum wallboard, "green" gypsum wallboard, and "green" carpet) under three relative humidity (RH) conditions (20%, 50%, and 70% RH). The "green" materials contained recycled materials and were friendly to environment. A dynamic dual-chamber test method was used. Results showed that a higher relative humidity led to a larger effective diffusion coefficient for two kinds of wallboards and carpet. The carpet was also found to be very permeable resulting in an effective diffusion coefficient at the same order of magnitude with the formaldehyde diffusion coefficient in air. The partition coefficient (K(ma)) of formaldehyde in conventional wallboard was 1.52 times larger at 50% RH than at 20% RH, whereas it decreased slightly from 50% to 70% RH, presumably due to the combined effects of water solubility of formaldehyde and micro-pore blocking by condensed moisture at the high RH level. The partition coefficient of formaldehyde increased slightly with the increase of relative humidity in "green" wallboard and "green" carpet. At the same relative humidity level, the "green" wallboard had larger partition coefficient and effective diffusion coefficient than the conventional wallboard, presumably due to the micro-pore structure differences between the two materials. The data generated could be used to assess the sorption effects of formaldehyde on building materials and to evaluate its impact on the formaldehyde concentration in buildings. 相似文献
198.
199.
菱镁矿尾矿经预处理后,在一定条件下制备高活性MgO。使用热重-差热分析仪,分析菱镁矿尾矿的分解温度,应用X射线衍射、SEM分析不同煅烧温度、保温时间对MgO晶体结构的影响,并根据Scherrer公式计算MgO晶粒的尺寸。通过电导率仪测定MgO水化电导率,分析不同条件下的MgO活性,探讨煅烧温度、保温时间、颗粒细度与MgO活性之间的关系。结果发现:煅烧温度在1 050℃,保温时间60 min时,菱镁尾矿完全分解,MgO活性最佳;煅烧温度越高,保温时间越长,MgO的活性越差;MgO颗粒细度越小,活性越高。 相似文献
200.
林可霉素菌(Streptomyces lincolnensis)利用吡唑酮废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用被吡唑酮废液驯化、分离、筛选后的林可霉素菌,并对其在摇瓶上利用吡唑酮废液中的硫酸铵发酵(7 d)生产林可霉素进行了研究。实验结果表明,废液加入培养基体积比都为1∶10,实验1中菌丝代谢和对照比正常,其中还原糖利用最快,在发酵后期为0.24 mg/L,林可霉素起步效价最低为2 100 IU/mL,与对照相比最后发酵效价降低了70 IU/mL;实验2发酵过程pH值偏低,全程为5.86~6.50,氨基氮代谢缓慢为40 mg/100 mL,最后林可霉素效价最低为4 480 IU/mL;实验3中废液在发酵进入48 h中后期的时候补入能促进菌丝体分泌,最后林可霉素为5 180 IU/mL,比对照发酵水平高出8.82%。可见实验3的实验设计有利于林可霉素菌利用吡唑酮废液生产林可霉素,为废物循环利用、变废为宝的可行性作了有意义尝试。 相似文献