Trophic mode and organics metabolic characteristic of fungal community in swine manure composting

Fungal trophic modes and substrates utilization ability was observed in composting. Fungi had the higher diversity and more trophic types in thermophilic phase. Fungi had the higher metabolic potential in fresh swine manure and mature production. Redox potential, organics and moisture are main factors impacting fungal community. Composting reduced pathogenic fungi and enrich dung saprotroph fungi in swine manure. The succession of fungal community, trophic mode and metabolic characteristics were evaluated in 60 days composting of swine manure by high-throughput sequencing, FUNGuild and Biolog method, respectively. The result showed that the fungal community diversity reached to the highest level (76 OTUs) in the thermophilic phase of composting, then sustained decline to 15 OTUs after incubation. There were 10 fungal function groups in the raw swine manure. Pathotroph-saprotroph fungi reached to 15.91% on Day-10 but disappeared on Day-60. Dung saprotroph-undefined saprotroph fungi grown from 0.19% to 52.39% during the treatment. The fungal community had more functional groups but the lower substrate degradation rates in the thermophilic phase. The fungal communities on Day-0 and Day-60 had the highest degradation rates of amino acids and polymers, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that ORP (49.6%), VS/Ash (45.3%) and moisture (39.2%) were the main influence factors on the succession of fungal community in the swine manure composting process.     

城市电磁辐射污染的产生与危害

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,电磁辐射污染问题越来越受到人们的重视和关注,它已经被称为"第五大环境污染".本文重点论述了电磁辐射的危害,国内外电磁辐射的标准,城市电磁辐射污染的来源及特点,以及北京市区电磁辐射污染现状.     

对CFAST不同区域划分方法的分析

运用区域模拟CFAST程序,按照三种不同子区域划分方式对某二层商场进行火灾烟气运动模拟.结果表明,第三种子区域划分方法更加合理,即火源附近子区域划分的密集,远离火源边界区域划分的稀疏,所计算出的模拟结果也更加可靠,准确.     

空气分离装置危险源辨识

氧气、氮气及氩气被广泛地应用在人们日常生活和工业生产中,采用双层床分子筛吸附净化空气技术进行空气分离来生产氧气、氮气和氩气,具有原料来源方便等优点,这项技术的应用对人类和工业的发展具有重要的意义.对空分装置在其生产过程中危险因素及有害因素进行辨识,以便更好地保障安全生产.     

轻苯加工中产生水污染物的研究与治理

通过对安钢焦化厂精苯车间在轻苯加工中产生的酚水、再生酸、酸焦油等水污染物的分析研究,结合安钢焦化厂的实际情况,提出了相应的治理方法,使精苯车间的生产符合当前的环保要求.     

高温和中温ASBR处理热水解污泥的对比

进行了高温、中温厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理热水解污泥的对比试验研究.在HRT＝10d,总COD(TCOD)容积负荷为5.42 kg/(m³·d) 的条件下,高温、中温ASBR的TCOD去除率分别为56.20%、61.66%,污泥COD的产气率(CH₄)分别为199、219 mL/g.ASBR能有效积累污泥悬浮固体从而保持较高的固体停留时间(SRT),高温、中温ASBR的平均SRT分别为30、37d.同中温ASBR比较,高温ASBR的微生物形态单一、种类少和产甲烷活性较低,因此高温ASBR的处理效率和产气率较中温低.     

氮化油管工艺危害识别及液氨槽事故树分析

对氮化油管工艺和设备存在的问题进行了危险分析,用事故树分析了液氨槽的爆炸危险性,并提出安全对策。     

Multivariate correlation analysis of bio-accumulation with soil properties and potential health risks of cadmium and lead in rice seeds and cabbage in pollution zones,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - A total of 475 representative cultivated land and 435 crop samples from 11 provinces of China were collected, and lead and cadmium in 6 polluted areas by...     

Toxic effects of realgar transforming solution on the reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans

Realgar transforming solution is an arsenic formulation which has shown anticancer effects with low toxicity both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate its reproductive toxicity and its possible mechanisms. Realgar transforming solution decreased the brood size and induced proliferation arrest and apoptosis significantly only at an elemental concentration of 37.5 mg/L, while arsenic trioxide reduced the brood sizes and induced proliferation arrest and apoptosis of both the wild type N2 and let-60 ras(gf) mutant worms in an arsenic concentration dependent manner. Mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein p53 pathways may be involved in reproductive toxicity as evidenced by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RNA interference, and inhibition experiments with mitogen-activated protein kinases and p53. In conclusion, realgar transforming solution at the low arsenic (As) concentrations showed lower reproductive toxicity than arsenic trioxide, and a different molecular mechanism of reproductive toxicity is suggested.     

Feasibility of weeds-based compost-cultivated Agaricus bisporus北大核心CSCD

Making full use of local weed resources to produce Agaricus bisporus is of great importance in reducing production costs and protecting the environment. In this paper, three trial experiments were conducted on the basis of weed diversity investigation around the Miyun Reservoir and the adjustment of formulation and technology in the industrial production of A. bisporus. Compost samples from different phases of the composting process and at various cultivation stages were collected for the determination of their physical-chemical properties, lignocellulose content, lignocellulolytic enzyme activities, and bacterial communities enrichment by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The yield of mushrooms in each different trial was also calculated. The results showed several types of reservoir weeds with high, thick and hard stems. The saturated moisture of weeds was 76.78% after baling. The water content, carbon content, and C/N ratio of the samples decreased gradually during composting, but had little change during cultivation. The nitrogen content decreased at the end of phase I and increased at the end of phase II. During composting, the loss rates of hemicellulose and cellulose were both between 40% and 60%, and the loss rate of lignin was between 20% and 30%. During cultivation, instead, the loss rate of lignin was between 16% and 21%. The changes in the content of cellulose and hemicellulose of compost were consistent with that of the activity of the related degradation enzymes. A total of 432 595 valid sequences were obtained by Illumina sequencing for the samples derived from the three composting trials, and the average length of the sequences was 441 bp. Taxonomic analysis showed that the dominant bacteria were Prevotella (phylum Bacteroidetes), Bacillus (phylum Firmicutes), Thermus, Truepera, and Caldicoprobacter (phylum Deinococcus-Thermus), Thermopolyspora (phylum Actinobacteria), and Pseudoxanthomonas (phylum Proteobacteria). The yield of the three trials was in the range of 17.1-19.7 kg/m2. It is thus feasible to use reservoir weeds compost instead of wheat straw compost for the cultivation of A. bisporus. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.