苏州市主要工业污染物排放强度研究

污染物排放强度反映单位新创造经济价值的环境负荷大小.运用均方差赋权法对苏州市各地区的工业废水量、工业化学需氧量、工业氨氮、工业二氧化硫、工业氮氧化物、工业烟(粉)尘等6种主要污染物排放强度进行评价,结果表明,六种主要污染物排放强度综合评价的全市平均水平为15.08.然后分别计算各地区的污染物排放强度降低潜力,结果表明,主要污染物排放强度减排潜力存在区域间差异.最后提出促进污染物排放强度降低的一些建议.     

Particle size distribution and characteristics of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments from Beijing Olympic Park

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals in road-deposited sediments(RDSs) of parks are emitted into the terrestrial, atmospheric, and water environment, and have a severe impact on residents' and tourists' health. To identify the distribution and characteristic of heavy metals in RDS and to assess the road environmental quality in Chinese parks, samples were collected from Beijing Olympic Park in the present study. The results indicated that particles with small grain size(150 μm) were the dominant fraction. The length of dry period was one of the main factors affecting the particle size distribution, as indicated by the variation of size fraction with the increase of dry days. The amount of heavy metal(i.e., Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) content was the largest in particles with small size(150 μm) among all samples. Specifically, the percentage of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in these particles was 74.7%, 55.5%, 56.6% and 71.3%, respectively.Heavy metals adsorbed in sediments may mainly be contributed by road traffic emissions. The contamination levels of Pb and Cd were higher than Cu and Zn on the basis of the mean heavy metal contents. Specifically, the geoaccumulation index(I geo) decreased in the order:CdPbCuZn. This study analyzed the mobility of heavy metals in sediments using partial sequential extraction with the Tessier procedure. The results revealed that the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments, based on the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, decreased in the order: CdZn≈PbCu.     

Sulfide elimination by intermittent nitrate dosing in sewer sediments

The formation of hydrogen sulfide in biofilms and sediments in sewer systems can cause severe pipe corrosions and health hazards, and requires expensive programs for its prevention. The aim of this study is to propose a new control strategy and the optimal condition for sulfide elimination by intermittent nitrate dosing in sewer sediments. The study was carried out based on lab-scale experiments and batch tests using real sewer sediments. The intermittent nitrate dosing mode and the optimal control conditionwere investigated. The results indicated that the sulfide-intermittent-elimination strategy by nitrate dosing is advantageous for controlling sulfide accumulation in sewer sediment. The oxidation-reduction potential is a sensitive indicator parameter that can reflect the control effect and the minimum N/S (nitrate/sulfide) ratiowith slight excess nitrate is necessary for optimal conditions of efficient sulfide controlwith lower carbon source loss. The optimal control condition is feasible for the sulfide elimination in sewer systems.     

饮用水中溴酸盐控制方法和去除技术研究进展

溴酸盐是一种潜在致癌物,通常产生于含溴离子水源水的臭氧消毒过程中,我国和世界卫生组织饮用水标准中规定溴酸盐的最高浓度为10μg/L。重点综述了近7年来溴酸盐生成的控制方法(如优化臭氧投加量、降低溶液pH值、加氨等)以及溴酸盐离子去除技术(如吸附法、还原法、离子交换法、生物法等)的研究进展,并对各种技术的优缺点进行了评述。     

青岛市COD、SO_2排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

选取青岛市2001~2010年环境统计数据,以全市人均GDP为因变量、污染物排放量为变量,进行环境库兹涅茨曲线模拟。结果表明:青岛市"三废"污染物排放和工业COD、SO2排放量均不符合典型的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征。通过模拟结果分析可得出,科学的产业结构调整、政府节能减排的大力推进等政策是单位GDP污染物排放量的降低和工业COD、SO2排放量呈现的正"N"型曲线特征的重要因素。     

固城湖水环境污染状况与来源分析

对2001~2011年固城湖水环境污染状况评价与时空变化特征分析的基础上,探讨了固城湖的特征污染物及污染来源。结果表明,固城湖水质污染的主要超标因子为TN和TP;总体水质呈现先恶化再改善的趋势,污染由拦河网水域向小湖区水域扩散;固城湖湖体水质基本上劣于水环境功能区划要求;固城湖特征污染物为COD+M n、NH4-N、TN、TP、BOD 5;富营养化程度不断加重,之后又有所改善;氮磷污染的主要来源是水产养殖污染。     

电磁水循环加热方式在稠油开采中的应用

分析了稠油开采过程中螺杆泵传统电缆加热方式的不足,提出新型电磁水循环加热方式,实现了现场安全、节能和环保的提升,且能提高原油日产量。     

环境监理在建设项目环境管理中的意义

通过建设项目环境监理与环境影响评价及批复、“三同时”制度、环境监察之间的关系分析,阐述了建设项目环境监理在完善全过程环境管理中的作用.并通过环境监理与环境监察的定义,分析了两者之间的区别和联系.环境监理介入建设项目是提高环境影响评价有效性、落实“三同时”制度、实现建设项目全生命周期环境监管的重要手段,也是实现工程环境保护目标的重要保证.根据中国环境监理行业发展现状存在的问题,对中国环境监理今后的发展提出了相应的建议.     

工作流技术在水质自动站第三方运营中的应用研究

随着越来越多的水质自动站委托给第三方运营维护,环境监测部门在外包管理中面临着无法跟踪任务进展、无法对运维人员在现场工作进行监督、无法及时检查工作成果等问题。借用信息化手段,将工作流技术引入水质自动站的外包管理,使得每当新发起一个运维任务时,及时建立起一个工作流,监测部门通过对工作流的监控可以实现对运维过程的监督管理,从而解决了这些问题。通过应用工作流技术,提升了环境监测部门对水质自动站第三方运营的管理效率,为水质自动监测数据的获取和利用奠定了更坚实的基础。     

某消失模铸造厂污染防治措施要点分析研究

根据某消失模铸造企业依托相邻的炼铁厂合作建厂的实际条件,对采用宝珠砂造型后消失模铸造车间的废气和废水污染产生环节进行了分析,确定主要污染为废气污染。环评根据企业的具体情况,有针对性地对中频炉熔炼、落砂及砂处理、真空浇铸、抛丸清理等各污染环节提出了合理可行的污染防治措施,并在此基础上重点对真空浇注产生的有机废气的几种处理方法进行了分析,确定该厂将有机废气经真空泵直接引入到炼铁厂煤气电站锅炉进行燃烧处理合理可行,并能满足相应的环保要求。