印染废水处理技术研究进展探析

印染废水的主要特点是色度、BOD、COD、pH值、温度和浊度高,分子量大,生物降解性低,且废水成分复杂,含有有机高分子化合物和助凝剂等.综述了印染废水处理技术的研究及应用现状,介绍了印染废水中常用的物理处理法、化学处理法和生物法,分析了不同处理方法的研究及应用效果及优缺点,提出了各处理方法的技术缺陷及存在的问题,并对印染废水处理未来的研究方向进行了展望,不同处理方法间的组合可以较好地发挥它们各自的优点,是未来可靠处理印染废水的有效方法.     

一种新型聚四氟乙烯膜在油田采出水的试验研究

本实验装置原水为大庆油田采出水,经过0.1μm聚四氟乙烯膜处理后要求达到SS≤1.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤1μm和0il≤5.0 mg/L的标准,然后再回注。实验结果表明:在预处理出水稳定在0il≤15.0 mg/L、SS≤5.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤3μm条件下,该水质作为膜系统的进水时,膜的出水水质中粒径中值不达标,SS和oil含量能达到设计要求。在预处理出水水质超出设计范围时,膜的出水水质中SS超标,而oil和粒径中值能达标。     

燃煤热电厂掺烧城镇污泥的飞灰属性鉴别研究

污泥焚烧被认为是有具有良好发展前景的污泥减量化和资源化技术,已成为目前污泥处置的主流方式。印染废水处理设施和集中式生活污水处理厂产生的污泥环境风险属中度,推荐采用焚烧的处置方式。通过对燃煤热电厂掺烧污泥飞灰属性鉴别采样方法的分析和筛选,依据GB 5085.1—2007至GB 5085.6—2007等相关规范对飞灰进行鉴别,认为燃煤锅炉掺烧少量印染污泥和生活污泥后,其飞灰不具备危险固废特性,可按照一般固废进行综合利用。焚烧产生的飞灰特性取决于掺烧污泥的属性,要求污泥焚烧项目飞灰综合利用前应按要求开展危险废物鉴别。     

Strong enhancement of methylene blue removal from binary wastewater by in-situ ferrite process

Dye wastewater containing heavy metal ions is a common industrial effluent with complex physicochemical properties.The treatment of metal–dye binary wastewater is difficult.In this work,a novel in-situ ferrite process(IFP) was applied to treat Methylene Blue(MB)–Cu(II)binary wastewater,and the operational parameters were optimized for MB removal.Results showed that the optimum operating conditions were OH/M of 1.72,Cu~(2+)/Fe~(2+)ratio of 1/2.5,reaction time of 90 min,aeration intensity of 320 mL/min,and reaction temperature of40°C.Moreover,the presence of Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)moderately influenced the MB removal.Physical characterization results indicated that the precipitates yielded in IFP presented high surface area(232.50 m2/g) and a multi-porous structure.Based on the Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity toward MB was 347.82 mg/g for the precipitates produced in IFP,which outperformed most other adsorbents.Furthermore,IFP rapidly sequestered MB with removal efficiency 5 to 10 times greater than that by general ferrite adsorption,which suggested a strong enhancement of MB removal by IFP.The MB removal process by IFP showed two different high removal stages,each with a corresponding removal mechanism.In the first brief stage(5 min),the initial high MB removal(~95%)was achieved by predominantly electrostatic interactions.Then the sweep effect and encapsulation were dominant in the second longer stage.     

白洋淀湿地生态环境监测体系的构建

湿地生态环境监测体系的建立,是维护湿地生态安全的重要举措。针对目前白洋淀湿地生态环境现状,结合湿地环境监测现状,初步构建了白洋淀湿地生态环境监测体系,以期推动白洋淀生态监测的进一步发展。     

化学修饰电极预富集—石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中可溶性铅

研究了用Ｎａｆｉｏｎ化学修饰电极预富集－石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中可溶性铅的方法。土壤经０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ处理，以Ｎａｆｉｏｎ修饰的钨丝电极富集可溶性痕量铅后，放入石墨杯中进行原子吸收法测定。实验结果，在ｐＨ３．５的ＨＣｌ介质中，测定的线性范围为０～４．５μｇ／Ｌ，检测限为０．０４μｇ／Ｌ；对浓度为２μｇ／Ｌ的铅标准溶液平行测定１０次，相对标准偏差为２．６％；１０多种离子不干扰测定，样品回收     

一株处理含对苯二甲酸废水的工程菌的构建

采用染色体ＤＮＡ转化原生质球的方法，构建一株处理含ＰＴＡ废水的工程菌ＬＥＹ３。ＬＥＹ３能同时降解６种化合物：ＰＴＡ，萘，苯甲酸，十六烷，乙二醇，甲醇。用ＬＥＹ３对含ＰＴＡ生产废水作降解试验，ＣＯＤ的去除率在６６％￣９１％之间。     

构建金厦示范区海域环境联合管理体系的设想

分析两地海洋环境管理体系互补、互动关系，提出优化管理资源配置，构建一个两地协调的海洋环境管理体系的设想，从体制上解决分割的管理体系与统一的管理目标—金厦海域管理的矛盾。     

面向制信息权的核污染扩散预警技术研究

以核电站核污染扩散预警技术为研究对象,基于环保指挥自动化系统C4ISRE,通过整合WRF、HYSPLIT、Unidata IDV、AGI STK、Arc GIS系统等构建核污染扩散单一合成图SIP(Single Integrated Picture),并通过SIP对核污染扩散进行详细分析,进而实现对核污染应急处置的制信息权。研究表明:当研究区实际的天气系统具备了本例模拟的气象特征时,即主体风向为局部区域东北风3~4级,局部区域西北风6~7级,发生与日本福岛核事故同样等级的事故,12个小时后,受影响的居民区主要为谢屯镇、炮台镇、李店镇、普兰店市、无名区1。其中,炮台镇的大部分区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为2.66 km 2,东北方向部分区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.03 km~2;普兰店市西南部区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为8.00 km~2,东北部区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.033 km 2;李店镇东北区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为0.93km~2;无名区1南部区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为4.50 km~2。     

Conditioning of sewage sludge by Fenton's reagent combined with skeleton builders

Physical conditioners, often known as skeleton builders, are commonly used to improve the dewaterability of sewage sludge. This study evaluated a novel joint usage of Fenton’s reagent and skeleton builders, referred to as the F-S inorganic composite conditioner, focusing on their efficacies and the optimization of the major operational parameters. The results demonstrate that the F-S composite conditioner for conditioning sewage sludge is a viable alternative to conventional organic polymers, especially when ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and lime are used as the skeleton builders. Experimental investigations confirmed that Fenton reaction required sufficient time (80 min in this study) to degrade organics in the sludge. The optimal condition of this process was at pH = 5, Fe²⁺ = 40 mg g⁻¹ (dry solids), H₂O₂ = 32 mg g⁻¹, OPC = 300 mg g⁻¹ and lime = 400 mg g⁻¹, in which the specific resistance to filtration reduction efficiency of 95% was achieved.