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971.
环境监测信息化是环境管理现代化的重要手段,信息化建设是监测现代化的重要组成部分。基于当前环境监测信息化建设的现状,分析了建设过程中经常存在的"信息孤岛"、系统失衡、进度延期等问题,提出了建设初期做好IT规划、实施阶段重视项目管理的对策和建议,并依据监测站的实践经验对实施要点加以阐述。解决好这些问题,将推动环境监测信息化建设工作更加高效合理地进行,提升监测信息化程度,对提高环境管理和环境决策的水平具有重要意义。 相似文献
972.
The northern reef of Yongxing Island, the largest reef island of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, was in good condition with significant cover of scleractinian corals until 2002. Surveys in 2008 and 2010, however, found that coral coverage had declined rapidly and severely, implying that catastrophic coral mortality occurred during the past 8 years. A blackish mat was observed covering live and dead corals in both 2008 and 2010 that was identified as an encrusting sponge, Terpios hoshinota, by special surface morphology and spicule structure. In addition, spicule residues were found on the surface of long-dead corals, indicating a previous invasion of T. hosinota. T. hoshinota is referred to as the "black disease" because it rapidly overgrows and kills corals. Our evidence indicates that outbreaks of black disease are at least partially responsible for the massive coral mortality at the northern reef of Yongxing Island over the past 8 years, although human activities and heat-related coral bleaching cannot be discounted as minor causes for this coral decline. 相似文献
973.
Accumulation levels and characteristics of some pesticides in human adipose tissue samples from Southeast China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents a comprehensive study of pesticide levels and bio-accumulation characteristics in human adipose tissues among residents of Southeast China. A large number of adipose samples (n = 633) were selected for 58 pesticides and were analyzed by high sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that POPs pesticides were frequently detected, including 2,4′-DDD, 2,4′-DDE, 2,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDD, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDT, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex. Other detected pesticide species were dicofol, methamidophos and chlordimeform, which have rarely been reported. Comparing to different countries, the concentrations of total DDT and HCH in these three Chinese southeastern sites were in the middle range, whereas the HCB and mirex were in the lower end. A significant correlation was observed between region as well as age and POPs pesticide levels. Some pesticide residue levels were also found significantly correlated to occupation. However, there was no significant correlation between gender and pesticides. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that mortality of malignant tumors tends to associate with the pesticides levels in human adipose tissue. More importantly, the measured data presented in this study provide realistic information which is useful for assessing human exposure to pesticides in the general population of Southeast China. 相似文献
974.
Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Seven typical synthetic musks (SMs) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the Haihe River were measured. The SM concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the Haihe River were significantly lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Along the flow direction, the SM concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of Dagu Drainage River. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were calculated at high levels in the muscles of crucian carp, common carp, and silver carp. Most of the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for HHCB and AHTN were higher than 1.7, suggesting magnification possibly exist in the musk bioaccumulations of the three fishes in the Haihe River. No significant differences in HHCB/AHTN ratios were observed among the water, fish, and sediment samples (p > 0.05). However, the HHCB/AHTN values in the Haihe River were much lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Compared with several typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the musk concentrations were higher or comparable in the Haihe River. 相似文献
975.
976.
Shao D Liang P Kang Y Wang H Cheng Z Wu S Shi J Lo SC Wang W Wong MH 《Chemosphere》2011,83(4):443-448
This study investigated total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in five species of freshwater fish and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish pond surface sediments were 33.1-386 ng g(-1) dry wt and 0.18-1.25 ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively. The age of ponds affected the surface sediment MeHg concentration. The vertical distribution of MeHg in sediment cores showed that MeHg concentrations decreased with increasing depth in the top 10 cm. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between %MeHg and DNA from Desulfovibrionacaea or Desulfobulbus (p<0.05) in sediment cores. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish muscles ranged from 7.43-76.7 to 5.93-76.1 ng g(-1) wet wt, respectively, with significant linear relationships (r=0.97, p<0.01, n=122) observed between THg and MeHg levels in fish. A significant correlation between THg concentrations in fish (herbivorous: r=0.71, p<0.05, n=7; carnivorous: r=0.77, p<0.05, n=11) and corresponding sediments was also obtained. Risk assessment indicated that the consumption of largemouth bass and mandarin fish would result in higher estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of MeHg than reference dose (RfD) for both adults and children. 相似文献
977.
In China, the safety of drinking water becomes a significant issue due to serious aquatic environmental pollution. The genotoxic levels of raw and finished water from seven typical waterworks located in the five basins in China were then evaluated using umu test. Effect of conventional treatment processes (coagulation, filtration and disinfection) on the genotoxicity and the fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was discussed. The results showed that most of the selected finished water presented genotoxicity at or lower than 300 mL water sample exposure dose. The genotoxic effects of finished water were significantly higher than those of raw water. It also exhibited that there existed higher correlation between genotoxic effect and Br(-) than the other water quality parameters. The brominated trihalomethanes played a more important role in finished water genotoxicity than brominated haloacetic acids. The treatment processes could increase the genotoxic effects of finished water, especially for the chlorination treatment. The fluorescence spectra and high performance size-exclusion chromatogram analysis of DOM characters indicated that the proportion of low molecular weight acids, nitrogen containing aromatics, proteinaceous and microbially derived organic matters (200-300 Da) increased during purification processes, which indicated probably the release or formation of drinking water genotoxins. 相似文献
978.
Fan W Cui M Liu H Wang C Shi Z Tan C Yang X 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(3):729-734
The acute toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic environments at high concentrations has been well-established. This study demonstrates that, at a concentration generally considered to be safe in the environment, nano-TiO2 remarkably enhanced the toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna by increasing the copper bioaccumulation. Specifically, at 2 mg L−1 nano-TiO2, the (LC50) of Cu2+ concentration observed to kill half the population, decreased from 111 μg L−1 to 42 μg L−1. Correspondingly, the level of metallothionein decreased from 135 μg g−1 wet weight to 99 μg g−1 wet weight at a Cu2+ level of 100 μg L−1. The copper was found to be adsorbed onto the nano-TiO2, and ingested and accumulated in the animals, thereby causing toxic injury. The nano-TiO2 may compete for free copper ions with sulfhydryl groups, causing the inhibition of the detoxification by metallothioneins. 相似文献
979.
980.