苏州工业园区夜间光环境现状分析

为了了解苏州工业园区夜间光环境现状,本文通过对苏州工业园区夜间环境照度、亮度进行测量,对夜间广告与标志灯数量进行调查和统计分析,探讨了苏州工业园区的主要光环境问题,并提出光环境治理的对策和建议。     

Distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface water and sediments from Baiyangdian Lake in North China

Persistent organochlorine compounds, including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in surface water and sediments from Baiyangdian Lake, North China. Total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in surface water were in the range of 3.13-10.60, 4.05-20.59 and 19.46-131.62 ng/L, respectively, and total concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in sediments were 1.75-5.70, 0.91-6.48 and 5.96-29.61 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Among the groups of HCHs (sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH) and DDTs (sum of DDT, DDD and DDE), the predominance of β-HCH, DDE and DDD in water and sediment samples was clearly observed. This observation suggested that β-HCH was resistant to biodegradation and the DDTs had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD. For PCBs, penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners were the most abundant compounds in the both phases. Furthermore, the partitioning of chlorinated compounds between sediment and water was investigated to understand their transport and fates in aquatic ecosystems. The results indicated that average logs of organic carbon-normalized sediment-water partition coefficients (logK_oc') for OCPs varied between 3.20 and 5.53, and for PCBs, logK_oc' values ranged from 3.19 to 5.57. The observed logK_oc' was lower than their equilibrium logK_oc predicted from linear model, which may be attributed to the solubility enhancement effect of colloidal matter in water phase and the disequilibrium between sediment and water.     

街道地表物的累积与污染特征：以成都市为例

本文研究了成都市区74km~2范围内地表物的累积规律和污染特征.结果表明,街道地表物累积受土地用途影响;地表有机物受人类活动的影响;重金属受城市交通的影响.粒径分布研究发现街道地表物小于360μm的微粒占70％,且各种污染物主要吸附于细小的微粒上.使用地表污染物边坎累积模型计算了街道地表物和各种污染物的累积量.成都市区每天累积地表物达111吨,BOD,达78kg,COD达411kg,克氏氮6kg和总磷2kg.     

生态增益补偿问题探讨——对东西部生态补偿争议的思考

针对生态补偿增益层面理论研究相对薄弱及当前我国大规模生态工程建设中支付主体单一、资金不足的问题,本文分别从法学、经济学、东西部差异三个角度,通过理论与实例分析相结合的方式,论述了东部对西部实施生态补偿的必要性,提出了将区外受益政府和直接受益行业纳入补偿支付主体,生态增益层面不宜对全社会征收生态税,以及暂时不宜实行自我补偿的政策建议。     

The influence of various additives on coagulation process at different dosing point: From a perspective of structure properties

Structure properties of flocs (size, fractal dimension (D_f), etc.) have a high impact on coagulation efficiency. In this work, the influences of three different additives (ferric salt (Fe), phosphate (P), and citric acid (CA)) on coagulation process/efficiency were investigated. Results showed that a small amount of extra Fe can facilitate the growth of Al flocs by providing more ‘active sites’. Although zeta potential and D_f showed a limited change, the average floc size increased apparently and the increment was more obvious when Fe was added after the formation of the flocs. In contrast, P addition during the rapid mixing period will decrease the final average floc size, while the influence is less significant when P was added after the growth of the flocs. In terms of CA, a more striking negative effect on the growth ability of the flocs was observed compared to P. The strong complexing/coordination interactions between CA and aluminum hydroxide is the main reason behind the influence. CA also significantly decreased the D_f value of the flocs compared to P, and D_f showed a comparatively higher decrease when P or CA was added during the rapid mixing stage compared to the addition after the flocs formation. These results indicated that the addition of CA or P during the rapid mixing stage ‘inactivated’ or occupied more ‘active sites’ on the preliminarily formed Al NPs during the hydrolysis process, and therefore presented stronger impact on the morphology/size of the formed flocs.     

印染废水处理技术研究进展探析

印染废水的主要特点是色度、BOD、COD、pH值、温度和浊度高,分子量大,生物降解性低,且废水成分复杂,含有有机高分子化合物和助凝剂等.综述了印染废水处理技术的研究及应用现状,介绍了印染废水中常用的物理处理法、化学处理法和生物法,分析了不同处理方法的研究及应用效果及优缺点,提出了各处理方法的技术缺陷及存在的问题,并对印染废水处理未来的研究方向进行了展望,不同处理方法间的组合可以较好地发挥它们各自的优点,是未来可靠处理印染废水的有效方法.     

一种新型聚四氟乙烯膜在油田采出水的试验研究

本实验装置原水为大庆油田采出水,经过0.1μm聚四氟乙烯膜处理后要求达到SS≤1.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤1μm和0il≤5.0 mg/L的标准,然后再回注。实验结果表明:在预处理出水稳定在0il≤15.0 mg/L、SS≤5.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤3μm条件下,该水质作为膜系统的进水时,膜的出水水质中粒径中值不达标,SS和oil含量能达到设计要求。在预处理出水水质超出设计范围时,膜的出水水质中SS超标,而oil和粒径中值能达标。     

燃煤热电厂掺烧城镇污泥的飞灰属性鉴别研究

污泥焚烧被认为是有具有良好发展前景的污泥减量化和资源化技术,已成为目前污泥处置的主流方式。印染废水处理设施和集中式生活污水处理厂产生的污泥环境风险属中度,推荐采用焚烧的处置方式。通过对燃煤热电厂掺烧污泥飞灰属性鉴别采样方法的分析和筛选,依据GB 5085.1—2007至GB 5085.6—2007等相关规范对飞灰进行鉴别,认为燃煤锅炉掺烧少量印染污泥和生活污泥后,其飞灰不具备危险固废特性,可按照一般固废进行综合利用。焚烧产生的飞灰特性取决于掺烧污泥的属性,要求污泥焚烧项目飞灰综合利用前应按要求开展危险废物鉴别。     

Strong enhancement of methylene blue removal from binary wastewater by in-situ ferrite process

Dye wastewater containing heavy metal ions is a common industrial effluent with complex physicochemical properties.The treatment of metal–dye binary wastewater is difficult.In this work,a novel in-situ ferrite process(IFP) was applied to treat Methylene Blue(MB)–Cu(II)binary wastewater,and the operational parameters were optimized for MB removal.Results showed that the optimum operating conditions were OH/M of 1.72,Cu~(2+)/Fe~(2+)ratio of 1/2.5,reaction time of 90 min,aeration intensity of 320 mL/min,and reaction temperature of40°C.Moreover,the presence of Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)moderately influenced the MB removal.Physical characterization results indicated that the precipitates yielded in IFP presented high surface area(232.50 m2/g) and a multi-porous structure.Based on the Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity toward MB was 347.82 mg/g for the precipitates produced in IFP,which outperformed most other adsorbents.Furthermore,IFP rapidly sequestered MB with removal efficiency 5 to 10 times greater than that by general ferrite adsorption,which suggested a strong enhancement of MB removal by IFP.The MB removal process by IFP showed two different high removal stages,each with a corresponding removal mechanism.In the first brief stage(5 min),the initial high MB removal(~95%)was achieved by predominantly electrostatic interactions.Then the sweep effect and encapsulation were dominant in the second longer stage.     

2种拟除虫菊酯类农药对赤子爱胜蚓消化酶的毒性效应

拟除虫菊酯类农药已经逐渐代替有机磷等农药被大量使用,给土壤动物带来潜在生态风险.本研究选择了土壤模式生物赤子爱胜蚓为受试生物,考察2种拟除虫菊酯类农药(联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯)对赤子爱胜蚓消化酶活性(α-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酶)的影响.结果表明,α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-Glu)活性在暴露初期被联苯菊酯诱导,随着时间的延长,出现抑...