模拟消落带水华暴发行为的数值沙堆模型

以长江最大支流汉江近年来水华污染的现场资料为例,通过氮磷浓度、水温、流速和光照等实测数据构建了消落带开放水域环境体系的数值沙堆模型,描述了藻类生长及水华暴发的动力学机制;利用数值沙堆系统崩塌行为反映出的频率-尺度幂律关系作为判断消落带水域是否暴发水华以及规模大小的依据,采用有限尺度标度分析从不同侧面验证了水华暴发系统的自组织临界性,并揭示出各种拟合参数与水华暴发规模之间的定量关系.研究表明,沙堆模型如果存在良好的幂律关系,相应的消落带水域将暴发水华,且幂律指数越大,水华污染程度越严重.     

Ni2+对2-氯酚厌氧降解系统的影响

针对重金属对难降解有毒有机物厌氧降解的影响问题,采用间歇试验法研究Ni2 对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解系统的影响规律.结果表明,当ρ(Ni2 )＜5 mg/L时,Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解表现出轻度促进,当ρ(Ni2 )为5～500 mg/L,Ni2 以抑制作用为主,抑制作用随ρ(Ni2 )的增加而增强.Ni2 对原基质及关键中间产物苯酚和苯甲酸的抑制程度表现为:苯酚＞苯甲酸＞2-CP;ρ(Ni2 )低时的驯化能有效提高厌氧污泥对Ni2 毒性的耐受性能,300 mg/L Ni2 对2-CP降解的抑制从驯化前的65%降至驯化后的21%.Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解的抑制作用与污泥中Ni的截留量之间存在正相关关系.抑制浓度CIP值和方程αC=[1-(I/I*)m]/[1 (I/I*)n)]能较好地表征厌氧生物处理过程受抑制程度.     

石化企业的节水与废水资源化问题

讨论了石化企业如何充分利用水资源，不断提高节水意识。并结合石化企业的具体情况，用系统工程的分析方法，深入研究节水和水资源化的方法和途径。对这些问题，提出一些看法供大家参考。     

复合催化氧化技术对油气田压裂返排液的处理研究

酸化压裂作业废水是石油天然气生产过程中的主要污染源,它的污染成份复杂,有害物质浓度高,特别是含有胍胶和表面活性剂等高分子物质,具有高COD、高稳定度、高粘度的特点.本文通过对压裂液的来源、水质特征、治理现状等常用方法的分析,确定了物理化学脱稳,过滤、O3/H2O2复合催化氧化、深度氧化的达标治理工艺路线.经过处理后的压裂液澄清透明,达到国家二级排放标准(GB8978-96).     

Membrane fouling control by ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

In this study, ultrasound was used to control the membrane fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Short-term running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic parameters. The experimental results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s, membrane fouling could be controlled effectively only by hydrodynamic methods without ultrasound. When ultrasound was applied, an ultrasonic power range of 60–150 W was suitable for the membrane fouling control in the experimental system. The experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance (ΣR) could stay at 5 × 10¹¹ m⁻¹ for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s, which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than 1.0 m/s without ultrasound. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(4): 25–29 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Toxic effects of wastewater from various phases of monosodium glutamate production on seed germination and root elongation of crops

To make a comprehensive assessment on monosodium glutamate (MSG) wastewater pollution, a pollution exposure experiment was carried out on the seed germination and root elongation of wheat, Chinese cabbage and tomato by using the wastewater discharged from different processing phases of MSG production. The results showed that there were significantly positive linear relationships between the inhibitory rates of wheat seed germination and root elongation and the COD_cr of the mother liquor scraps. The toxicity of MSG wastewater to the test crops was in the order of tomato > Chinese cabbage > wheat, indicating that tomato was the most sensitive to the wastewater, and could be considered as an ideal toxic bioindicator. The half-effect concentrations (IC₅₀) based on the seed germination and root elongation of the test crops exposed to the wastewater discharged from various processing phases of MSG production was 22.0–32 432 and 17.3–3320 mg/L, respectively. Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(7): 1286–1290 [译自: 应用生态学报]     

城市生活垃圾场处理技术模糊综合评价

通过对一个待建的城市生活垃圾场处理技术的综合分析，建立一个相对完整的指标体系，然后用模糊数学的方法，对指标体系进行量化、归一化，得到一个通用的评价模型，并运用此模型对该垃圾的垃圾处理方式进行评价，最后提出卫生填埋是当前较为合理的处理方式。     

提高酚氰废水生化处理工艺的效率

主要介绍了投加葡萄糖类物质显著提高煤气厂酚、氰废水生化处理装置效率的情况 ,并对其机理进行了分析探讨     

一种超声速气体冲击射流噪声的屏蔽抑制方法

根据对冲击射流离散频率噪声产生的反馈机理的认识，提出了一种能够有效地破坏反馈环的形成，从而抑制冲击射流离散频率噪声的喷嘴屏蔽方法。这种方法是通过阻隔反馈声波使其不能到达喷嘴唇口、同时屏蔽物不与射流接触来实现降噪的目的，实验结果表明，对于合适的屏蔽罩参数，正常降噪效果达5dB以上。分析表明这种降噪方法对射流冲击平板的推力和除尘除水效率的提高有帮助。     

生物硝化池污水中硝化细菌的快速定量研究

实验采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术与最大几率数法（MPN）相结合的MPN－PCR法对生物硝化池污水中的硝化细菌进行快速定量。所用的一对PCR引物是在对硝化细菌的16SrRNA基因进行系统比较的基础上设计合成的，可以扩增出大小为388bp的DNA片段。以从生物硝化池污水中抽提的含硝化细菌DNA的混合DNA为模板，进行PCR扩增并确定合适的扩增条件。运用MPN－PCR法进行定量检测的整个过程可在几小时之内完成。