Experimental study on combustion characteristics of municipal solid waste

As incineration provides a relatively safe means of disposal, significant reduclaon ot welglat anti volume, ana energy recovery from the waste, it was adopted by many countries. For the experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of municipal solid waste( MSW),a lab scale fluldized bed facility was constructed. Many kinds of combustion runs were conducted in this fluidized bed combustion facility. The examined parameters were bed temperature(773 to 1143K), form of fuels ( scrap or whole), moisture of fuels and so on. Concentration of CO2,CO,SO2, O2 and NOx in the flue gas were monitored and recorded every 5 seconds. The temperatttres along the reactor are recorded every 10 seconds. Experimental. results were given and analyzed.     

Variability of turbulence dispersion characteristics during heavy haze process: A case study in Beijing

The turbulent standard deviations and the turbulent third-order and fourth-order moments are the key turbulence dispersion parameters in Lagrangian dispersion models. However, the characteristics of these parameters under heavy haze conditions in urban areas have not been fully investigated, and the commonly used similarity relations of these parameters in models were based on observations in highly flat and sparsely populated areas. In this paper, the vertical profiles of these parameters and their local similarity relations under heavy haze conditions in the wintertime of Beijing have been analyzed by using data collected at a 325-m meteorological tower. The heavy haze process has been divided into three stages: transport stage (TS), cumulative stage (CS), and dispersion stage (DS). Results show that the turbulent dispersion parameters behave differently during three stages. In the TS and DS, the maxima appear in the profiles of the turbulent standard deviations above the urban canopy; in the CS, the turbulent standard deviation are almost constant with height. The analysis of the third and fourth order moments shows that the wind velocities above the urban canopy in the TS deviate from the Gaussian distribution more significantly than those in the CS and DS. The local similarity relations of the turbulent dispersion parameters in the TS, especially for the longitudinal wind components, are normally different from those in the CS and DS. Thus, different from the common assumptions in Lagrangian models, the turbulence dispersion in horizontal directions is anisotropic and should be parameterized by multiple similarity relations under heavy haze conditions.     

城市污水处理厂恶臭的生物法去除研究

污水输送、提升、处理过程中散发的恶臭一直是空气污染投诉热点之一。生物技术在处理此类恶臭污染时应用生物的生化特性来吸附，降解污染物。无二次污染。文章以自行研发的一套用于处理某污水处理厂生化水解池排放的臭气的生物过滤池装置为研究对象，经过调试后，在排放浓度为HzS〈7．0mg／m^3，NH3〈90．0mg／m^3情况下，其去除率分别达到90％和99％左右。通过试验，研究了臭气排放规律，处理效率与运行时间．进气浓度．填料含水率．温度等的关系。     

生物测试法应用于判别除草剂环境污染

在实验室条件下进行了阿特拉津、乙草胺、甲磺隆3种除草剂对玉米根长抑制试验.结果表明,受试玉米对3种除草剂的敏感顺序为甲磺隆＞乙草胺＞阿特拉津.将此结果应用于农药环境污染事故的调查与诊断工作中,对污染因子进行了初步的分析和判定.     

基于扇区单元的航路交通流复杂度研究

空中交通航路交通流复杂度越来越高,威胁整个航路的正常运行,严重时甚至影响航空器的运行安全。为研究和解决扇区航路交通流复杂度较高的问题,了解了造成航路交通流复杂度较高的原因。基于航空器的基本运动学方程,列出了航空器运动过程中27种典型的飞行状态组合。考虑航空器的临近效应、速度差异和汇聚梯度3个影响航路交通流复杂度的主要因素,分别建立了相应的测量模型,从3个方面研究对航路交通流复杂度造成的影响,然后采用加权求和的方式求得三方面综合对航路交通流复杂度的影响程度。以雷达模拟机数据作为仿真验证对象,通过MATLAB软件对建立的模型进行了仿真验证     

Property rights integrity,tenure security and forestland rental market participation: Evidence from Jiangxi Province,China

The decentralization of property rights is the focus of the forest tenure reforms in several developing countries. In China, it was achieved by the launch of a new round of collective forest tenure reform beginning in 2003, which provided farmers with more integrated and secure forestland rights. Drawing on household data collected in Jiangxi province in 2011 and 2013, this paper examines the impacts of households’ recognition of property rights and improved tenure security on forestland rental activities. Our empirical results show that households with higher perceptions of more complete use rights and mortgage rights have a lower probability and intensity of renting‐in land, while households with lower expectations of future forestland redistribution or expropriation are more likely to rent in forestland and more of it. These results imply that the development of a forestland rental market leading to better forest management requires an integrated forestland management approach consisting of decentralization of property rights and village governance. In particular, the central government may further clarify the rights and obligations affiliated to forestland ownership, contractual rights, and management rights; while the village collective may shift from direct intervention in the integrity and security of forestland rights to the supervision and protection of decentralized forestland rights to increase efficiency from the decentralization of property rights.     

Comparative study on pyrolysis of bamboo in microwave pyrolysis-reforming reaction by binary compound impregnation and chemical liquid deposition modified HZSM-5

The deactivation of catalyst is a significant reason for its limited application during the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) process. To reduce the coke formation, binary compound impregnation (BCI) and chemical liquid deposition (CLD) were used to modify HZSM-5 catalysts. At the same time, the self-designed microwave reactor separated the pyrolysis of bamboo and catalytic upgrading of primary vapor, which made the catalytic effect more thorough. Experimental results indicated that CLD used TiO₂ deposition to cover external acid sites, while BCI by phosphorus-nickel could cover and partly destroy superficial acid sites through two different ways. Within the scope of the loaded amount studied, the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons in the oil phase increased at first and then decreased, while the coke formation reduced continuously. BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene), the most valuable product in bio-oil, drastically increased by 39.1% and 22.6% respectively over the CLD and BCI modified catalysts. Considering the catalytic performance as well as cost, CLD over HZSM-5 has more advantages in the CFP process to upgrade bio-oil.     

可靠性评价方法在炼化企业电网中的应用

介绍了国内外电力系统可靠性发展现状,分析了炼化企业生产特点,着重介绍了炼化企业电力系统可靠性评价内容,比较了公用电网与炼化企业的不同性质,说明了二者可靠性评价方法的不同,最后用计算实例说明了可靠性计算方法在炼化企业电力系统中的应用,根据计算结果提出了加强炼化电网可靠性的措施。     

炼化企业被动孤网安稳控制策略关键因素分析

总结了电力行业和炼化企业孤网稳控技术的研究应用现状,分析了炼化企业孤网后的过渡过程,提出了炼化企业孤网稳定控制的关键是频率稳定。根据炼化企业电力系统特点,对影响系统稳定的关键因素,即受控电力负荷和供热机组探讨了建模方法,提出了适用于炼化企业孤网的稳控策略。     

Effects of biochars on the bioaccessibility of phenanthrene/pyrene/zinc/lead and microbial community structure in a soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

The immobilization of co-contaminants of organic and inorganic pollutants by biochar is an efficient remediation strategy. However, the effect of biochar amendments on the bioaccessibility of the co-contaminants in dry versus flooded soils has rarely been compared. In batch experiments, bamboo-derived biochar(BB) had a higher sorption capacity for phenanthrene(Phe)/pyrene(Pyr)/zinc(Zn) than corn straw-derived biochar(CB), while CB had a higher sorption capacity for lead(Pb) than BB. After 150 days of incubation, the amendments of 2% CB, 0.5% BB and 2% BB effectively suppressed the dissipation and reduced the bioaccessibility of Phe/Pyr by 15.65%/18.02%, 17.07%/18.31%and 25.43%/27.11%, respectively, in the aerobic soils. This effectiveness was more significant than that in the anaerobic soils. The accessible Zn/Pb concentrations were also significantly lower in the aerobic soils than in the anaerobic soils, regardless of treatments.The Gram-negative bacterial biomass and the Shannon–Weaver index in the aerobic soil amended with 2% CB were the highest. The soil microbial community structure was jointly affected by changes in the bioaccessibility of the co-contaminants and the soil physiochemical properties caused by biochar amendments under the two conditions. Therefore, dry land farming may be more reliable than paddy soil cultivation at reducing the bioaccessibility of Phe/Pyr/Zn/Pb and enhancing the soil microbial diversity in the short term.