Kinetic study of the removal of dimethyl phthalate from an aqueous solution using an anion exchange resin

Phthalate acid esters are becoming an important class of pollutants in wastewaters. This study addresses the kinetics of removal of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) using the anion exchange resin D201-OH from an aqueous solution. The effects of various factors on the removal rate and efficiency were investigated. An overall initial removal rate (OIRR) law and a pseudo first-order kinetic (PFOK) model were also developed. The internal diffusion of DMP within the resin phase of D201-OH is the rate-controlling step. Optimization of the particle size and pore structure of the resin D201-OH, the DMP concentration, and the reaction temperature can improve the DMP removal rate. The hydrolysis reaction of DMP catalyzed by D201-OH indicates an overall reaction order of 1.76, a value that is between the first order and the second order. The apparent activation energy of the reaction is 34.6 kJ/mol, which is below the homogeneous alkaline hydrolysis activation energy of 44.3 kJ/mol. The OIRR law can quantify the initial removal rate under different conditions. The results also show that the theoretical DMP removal efficiency predicted by the PFOK model agrees well with the experimentally determined values. Our research provides valuable insights into the primary parameters influencing the kinetic process, which enables a focused improvement in the removal or hydrolysis rate for similar processes.     

Improving enterprise competitive advantage with industrial symbiosis: case study of a smeltery in China

Industrial symbiosis, a subfield of industrial ecology, focuses on transforming the waste of one firm into the valuable input of another, which improves the competitive advantages of supply chain by reducing production cost and improving environmental performance. Considering the specific situation where there are so many state-owned big company groups in China, this paper utilizes the ideas of constructing an industrial symbiosis among different firms, and does a case study on applying the concept into the inner relationships' reconstruction among different production systems in a big state-owned smeltery in South-west China. Three kinds of approaches are explored: 1) recycling and reusing the release; 2) concentrating and abstracting metals from the residues; 3) extending the product chain for value-added products. The results show that it can effectively improve the competitive advantage of the enterprise in terms of decreasing production cost and improving environmental performance.     

Efficient removal of cadmium ions from water by adsorption on a magnetic carbon aerogel

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon aerogels are attracting much attention as adsorbents due to their high specific surface and large accessible pores. Herein, we describe a...     

Isolation and characterization of hydrophilic dissolved organic matter in waters by ion exchange solid phase extraction followed by high resolution mass spectrometry

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex substance occurring in marine and freshwater environments. DOM has many functions that modify physical, chemical and...     

Environmental friendly leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries

We investigated an environmentally friendly leaching process for the recovery of cobalt and lithium from the cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries. The easily degradable organic acid DL-malic acid (C₄H₅O₆) was used as a leaching reagent. The structural, morphology of the cathode materials before and after leaching were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The amount of Co and Li present in the leachate was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Conditions for achieving a recovery of more than 90 wt.% Co and nearly 100 wt.% Li were determined experimentally by varying the concentrations of leachant, time and temperature of the reaction as well as the initial solid-to-liquid ratio. We found that hydrogen peroxide in a DL-malic acid solution is an effective reducing agent because it enhances the leaching efficiency. Leaching with 1.5 M DL-malic acid, 2.0 vol.% hydrogen peroxide and a S:L of 20 g L^?1 in a batch extractor results in a highly efficient recovery of the metals within 40 min at 90 °C.     

长江湖北段干堤整险加固的现状与思考

通过对１９９８ 年长江全流域特大洪水成因和汛在贯彻中央“３２”字治水方针，采用新技术、新方法、新工艺、新材料整治险工险段，加固长江干堤进展情况的调查与分析，阐述了利用高新技术对长江干堤进行整险加固的必要性和可能性及其现状，并就今后如何采用高新技术加固长江干堤，确保堤防工程体系工程质量，建立相应的安全实时监测体系和开展防汛抗洪中的关键实用技术研究开发如基于３Ｓ技术的雨情、汛情、工情、灾情的预测、预报及评估、决策支撑体系的应用与推广，堤防工程隐患的探测、监视、诊断与险情、险段的抢护整治加固材料和技术的开发与推广，洪泛敏感区工农业结构和种养模式的优化、示范与推广等等问题，提出了建设性意见     

Responses of plant functional groups to natural nitrogen fertility on an alpine grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Species distribution is often closely associated with soil nutrients in terrestrial ecosystem. In contrast to most manipulated N (nitrogen) experimental studies, there are few observation experiments examining the distribution of species or functional groups along a natural soil N gradient. Alpine meadows with higher soil spatial heterogeneity at fine scale, which have a large gradient in soil N gradient, provides an ideal system to examine the distribution of species or functional groups. Here we used redundancy analysis (RDA) to examine the relationships between soil and plant properties in northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over two years. The results showed the relative biomass of forbs increased, while those of legumes and grasses decreased with the soil N availability. This suggests that legumes and grasses had stronger tolerance to infertile soils than forbs, which may due to the N₂-fixed for legumes and high nutrient use efficiency for grasses. Furthermore, the positive significant relationships between the percentage of legumes biomass and N: P (phosphorus) ratio were found in the whole community and non-legumes, confirming the presence of legumes improved the vegetation N status even for non-legumes.     

基于动土压力响应特性的黄土滑坡振动台试验研究∗

为了探讨地震作用下动土压力沿高程和滑面的响应规律,通过大型振动台实验输入X向和Z向地震波,输入幅值逐级增大直到边坡破坏,对沿滑面和沿高程的5个土压力传感器的动土压力峰值分布规律进行分析,并利用基于小波变换的能量提取工具对加载X向和Z向的EL波进行分解,分析其在不同频带的动力响应特性,并进行了加速度峰值分析与动土压力峰值的组合响应分析。研究结果表明:(1)土压力沿高程和滑面都呈现非线性增加的趋势,加载X向地震波对滑面土体应力影响较为显著,而加载Z向地震波对坡顶面附近土体应力影响较为显著,且加载Z向地震波土压力沿高程放大趋势比加载X向地震波更明显;(2)输入加速度峰值0.6g时,滑体开始向下滑动,贯通破裂面的产生和动土压力峰值以及加速度峰值同时突变可作为边坡破坏的依据;(3)使用基于小波变换的能量提取工具对各频段的能量进行提取,发现第一频段的能量占比在95%以上,说明第一频段内土体响应最为剧烈,黄土边坡对地震波运动过程中高频部分具有"滤波作用",因此进行防护设计时应把这一现象作为设计的考虑因素之一。     

Employees' surface acting in interactions with leaders and peers

Surface acting has been widely studied in organizational research owing to its impact on organizational behaviors and outcomes. Past research almost exclusively has focused on employees' interactions with external parties such as customers, clients, and patients. This study sought to extend this literature by examining the effects of employees' surface acting in interactions with parties internal to the organization (i.e., leaders and peers). Data were collected from 40 work groups (129 focal participants, 40 leaders, and 40 peers) from a large real estate agency company located in Beijing, China. Results showed that employees' surface acting influenced various emotional, relational, and behavioral outcomes. In addition, the present findings revealed that the consequences of employees' surface acting differed across leaders versus peers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公众对煤矿区地质灾害的感知与适应行为研究

煤矿区的地质灾害较为常见,而且随着开采时间的推移地质灾害问题日益严重。公众对煤矿区地质灾害的感知与适应行为直接与他们的生命财产相关,同时还关系到政策法规的制定。通过对煤矿区公众的问卷调查发现,公众对地质灾害的严重程度和灾害原因感知是比较准确的,但仍有相当比例的公众选择采取无效的紧急适应行为,有近三分之一的公众没有考虑采用迁移的适应行为。公众对煤矿区地质灾害适应行为的背后涉及利益相关方的博弈。