浅谈系统论方法在防汛抗灾工作中的应用

本文以系统论方法为指导,概括地分析了防汛抗灾系统的组成、特征以及系统论方法对防汛抗灾工作的作用,并结合防汛抗灾工作的实际,应用系统论的基本原理,提出了防汛抗灾系统整体与要素的组织管理方法,探讨了如何充分发挥防汛抗灾系统的整体功能,取得最佳运行效果的途径。     

石窟文物病害成因分析及其对策研究

本文在概述石窟寺主要病害的基础上，结合典型灾例，从气象气候因素、地震活动、水文特征、环境工程地质条件、石窟寺结构和龛内文物自身的特殊性以及人类社会行为因素等６个方面详细分析了石窟文物病害形成的内部作用因素和外部环境条件，强调了综合减灾的重要性，并提出了相应的减灾对策。本文旨在为石窟寺的科学保护和文物修复工作提供理论基础和实践依据     

Individual and combined inhibition of phenol and thiocyanate on microbial activity of partial nitritation

This study evaluated the individual and interactive effect of phenol and thiocyanate (SCN⁻) on partial nitritation (PN) activity using batch test and response surface methodology. The IC₅₀ of phenol and SCN⁻ on PN sludge were 5.6 and 351 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The PN sludge was insensitive to phenol and SCN⁻ at levels lower than 1.77 and 43.3 mg L⁻¹, respectively. A regression model equation was developed and validated to predict the relative specific respiration rate (RSRR) of PN sludge exposed to different phenol and SCN⁻ concentrations. In the range of independent variables, the most severe inhibition was observed with a valley value (17%) for RSRR, when the phenol and SCN⁻ concentrations were 4.08 and 198 mg L⁻¹, respectively. An isobole plot was used to judge the combined toxicity of phenol and SCN⁻, and the joint inhibitory effect was variable depending on the composition and concentration of the toxic components. Furthermore, the toxic compounds showed independent effects, which is the most common type of combined toxicity.

     

颗粒污泥粒径的工程测定方法

厌氧反应器污泥粒径分布的测试方法目前主要有激光粒度分析、照相、沉降法和筛分法.快速方便的实用方法是筛分法,但筛分时需用缓冲剂,考察了分别用缓冲液和自来水作为冲洗介质的筛分结果.结果表明,作为现场应用自来水替代缓冲液是可行的,能够准确反映出污泥颗粒粒径变化的趋势,同时给出了试验测定方法和原则,确定了最佳污泥取样量为20 mL.     

火电厂锅炉再热器联络管裂纹分析及处理

某火电厂亚临界锅炉墙式再热器蒸汽出口至屏式再热器联络管母管及排空气管接管座产生裂纹发生渗漏。通过对墙式再热器出口管道排空气管接管座裂纹特征、结构型式、管道现场布置情况、运行环境等方面进行综合分析,认为排空气管道安装布置不合理,无保温措施,导致冷凝水倒流,形成热疲劳裂纹并逐步延伸扩展。确认产生裂纹的原因后,优化管道安装布置、对接管座结构型式做出改进并对产生裂纹的管道进行了更换,改进后锅炉运行约1.8× 10⁴ h后复检无缺陷。     

Air bag effectiveness as function of impact speed

An investigation was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of air bags as a function of velocity. The study consisted of three parts: a theoretical idealization, an analysis of National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS), and a reanalysis of previously published Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data. The theoretical analysis looked at idealized risk curves as a function of velocity; assuming that the air bag offers a benefit for both belted and unbelted occupants. Analysis of the NASS/CDS data looked at the effectiveness of air bags as a function of velocity for Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 3+ injuries. The reanalysis of the previously published FARS data looked at the effectiveness of the air bag as a function of velocity for fatalities. The theoretical analysis indicates that the air bag effectiveness should be greatest at the low velocities. The field data analysis of both NASS/CDS and FARS were consistent with the theoretical analysis, indicating that air bags are most effective at the lower velocities, below 40 kph (25 mph), for both belted and unbelted occupants. Although it was not possible to estimate a different effect for belted and unbelted for fatalities using FARS, it was possible for MAIS 3+ using NASS/CDS. For unbelted occupants the effectiveness goes to zero or becomes negative above 40 kph (25 mph) for MAIS 3+, and for belted occupants the effectiveness stays positive but with significantly lower magnitude for speeds above 40 kph (25 mph).     

纳米材料应用于军用纺织品的前景分析

1.纳米科技的发展历史与现状 20世纪初随胶体化学的建立，开始研究直径为纳米数量级的微粒，并试图应用于催化剂。在第二次世界大战期间，日本陆军曾用减压蒸发法制备锌黑，用于导弹的红外探测器。70年代末到80年代初，开始对纳米微粒的结构、形态和特性进行系统研究，并对金属微粒的表面电子能级状态作出了解释，用量子尺寸效应解释了超微粒子的某些特性。     

苏里格气田气井现状及钻井泥浆的成分、危害

随着苏里格气田天然气探明储量的增加,气田的开发力度逐渐加大,气田开发带给当地的生态环境问题也在凸显。本文介绍了苏里格气田的现状及钻井泥浆的成分及危害,为减少环境危害提供理论依据。     

鄂尔多斯市东胜区2011年春节期间空气污染物的浓度分布规律及其成因分析

利用空气质量自动监测系统分析了2011年春节期间鄂尔多斯市东胜区的SO2、NO2及PM10的浓度值,发现烟花爆竹的燃放对它们的浓度有较大影响。     

大型CFB锅炉安全问题与对策

根据CFB锅炉运行的特点,重点分析了大型CFB锅炉存在的锅炉磨损、冷渣器故障、给煤系统故障、浇注料破坏脱落以及锅炉膨胀等安全问题,提出对策措施。