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931.
煤矿区采煤沉陷问题,目前已引起世界各产煤国的普遍重视。我国因农村人口稠密,所以采煤沉陷的危害更为严重。本文全面系统地分析了采煤沉陷在地表可能造成的各种危害,并以减轻危害程度为目标,提出了开采前和开采过程中的预防措施,以及采后地面沉陷的治理措施。 相似文献
932.
胜利油田位于我国黄河三角洲地区,潜水位高,水的矿化度大。生态环境恶劣,对植物尤其对木本植物的生长不利,整个地区生长的多是抗盐碱能力强的草本植物。针对油田的特殊环境条件,综合有关资料,介绍了以沙枣为代表的植物特性,特别强调了其抗盐碱、降低土壤矿化度和潜水位、增加土壤有机质和引起植被变化的特性。指出黄河三角洲也有些土质较好的、适于作物和木本植物生长的地区,改良盐碱地可以以这些地区为基点,放射性地向外逐步试验沙枣的种植,以探索改善生态环境的途径。努力做到边发展经济,边改善环境,达到经济效益、社会效益和环境效益三统一。 相似文献
933.
Wenshou Wei Hongfei Zhou Yuguang Shi Osamu Abe Kenji Kai 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):207-216
The desert environmental changes in the source areas of dust storms occurring in Xinjiang are discussed based on the climate
changes and the impacts of human activities in Xinjiang during the past 50 years. The results show that the climate in Xinjiang
is changing from a warm-dry type to a warm-wet one. The warm-wet climate has been obvious since the mid-1970's, and especially
the sensitivity of the regional climate change in this arid area is obviously revealed by many factors, such as the characteristics
of the local climate change in south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang, the difference of climate change in the alpine zones and
the basins, and the change of areas of the waters bodies. Furthermore, these factors also reveal the difference in the regional
climate change between Xinjiang and central and eastern areas of China. The occurrence and development of dust storms are
directly affected by the precipitation, air humidity, status of underlying surface, etc. in the arid areas. The frequency
and intensity of dust storms are closely related to the natural conditions, changes of climate and desert environment, as
well as the dynamic conditions (i.e., weather systems) in the source areas of dust storms. Therefore, global warming is one
of the main causes resulting in the degradation of the ecological environment and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters,
especially the disasters of sand drift and dust storms in the arid areas since the late-1980's, which reveals that the inland
arid areas are sensitive regions to climate changes. 相似文献
934.
Peng Y Jiang G Liu M Niu S Yu S Biswas DK Zhang Q Shi X Yang Q 《Environmental management》2005,35(4):453-460
Desertification directly threatens more than 250 million people and one third of the earths land surface. Although it is well known that desertification could be reversed in most cases if the intensity of land use were reduced, there have been no studies on how to achieve this reversed desertification on a large scale. We conducted a case study in Hunshandak Sandland of North China, exploring how creation of a nature reserve might aid restoration of a degraded ecosystem. Experimental data indicated that desertified regions, if designated as a nature reserve, could be restored with conservation of biodiversity. The buffer zones in moderately desertified lands could serve as a base for forage production and/or ecotourism industry. The construction of ecologically designed towns (ecotowns) in transition zones could accommodate migrants moved from core zones so as to develop stock production, related industry, and ecotourism, enabling both economic and environmental development. Up to now, 5778 local inhabitants in the core zones of Zhenglan Banner (county) in the Hunshandak Sandland have been moved out of the severely degraded areas with the financial assistance of the central government. Those people have been moved into three eco-towns of the Banner with an objective of greatly enhancing the economic and social status while restoring the degraded sandlands. 相似文献
935.
铁路道口安全与框构桥设计软件实现 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
铁路平交道口是铁路运输中常发生列车和汽车事故的地方 ,在列车经过平交道口时 ,汽车和行人等都必须停在道口两侧 ,严重地影响了交通安全 ,甚至有火车与熄灭在道口的汽车相撞 ,造成火车脱轨的重大事故。因此 ,平交道口改为立体交叉已势在必行。笔者提出了将平交道口改建为框构桥的设计方法 ,并用面向对象的程序设计方法实现了框构桥的自动设计、分析、计算及绘图等过程 ,将极大提高框构桥设计的工作效率 ,加快平改立的速度 ,尽快消除安全隐患 相似文献
936.
937.
安全第一,预防为主是党和国家的一贯方针。自新中国成立以来,党中央、国务院历来重视安全生产工作,提出了“安全第一、预防为主”的安全生产方针。随着改革开放和经济高速发展,安全生产越来越受到重视。近年来,江泽民、李鹏、朱镕基、李岚清和吴邦国等中央领导同志,高度关 相似文献
938.
ZHANG Run-duo HE Hong SHI Xiao-yan ZHANG Chang-bin HE Bang-quan WANG Jian-xin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(5):793-796
The preparation of ethanol-diesel fuel blends and their emission characteristics were investigated. Results showed the absolute ethanol can dissolve in diesel fuel at an arbitrary ratio and a small quantity of water(0.2% ) addition can lead to the phase separation of blends. An organic additive was synthesized and it can develop the ability of resistance to water and maintain the stability of ethanol-diesel-trace amounts of water system. The emission characteristics of 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol-diesel fuel blends, with or without additives, were compared with those of diesel fuel in a direct injection(DI) diesel engine. The experimental results indicated that the blend of ethanol with diesel fuel significantly reduced the concentrations of smoke, hydrocarbon(HC), and carbon monoxide(CO) in exhaust gas. Using 20% ethanol-diesel fuel blend with the additive of 2% of the total volume, the optimum mixing ratio was achieved, at which the bench diesel engine testing showed a significant decrease in exhaust gas. Bosch smoke number was reduced by 55%, HC emission by 70%, and CO emission by 45%, at 13 kW/1540 r/min. However, ethanol-diesel fuel blends produced a few ppm acetaldehydes and more ethanol in exhaust gas. 相似文献
939.
940.