上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

公众对煤矿区地质灾害的感知与适应行为研究

煤矿区的地质灾害较为常见,而且随着开采时间的推移地质灾害问题日益严重。公众对煤矿区地质灾害的感知与适应行为直接与他们的生命财产相关,同时还关系到政策法规的制定。通过对煤矿区公众的问卷调查发现,公众对地质灾害的严重程度和灾害原因感知是比较准确的,但仍有相当比例的公众选择采取无效的紧急适应行为,有近三分之一的公众没有考虑采用迁移的适应行为。公众对煤矿区地质灾害适应行为的背后涉及利益相关方的博弈。     

5氟尿嘧啶对蛋白核小球藻和羊角月芽藻生长及叶绿素含量的影响

近年来,抗癌药的环境污染特征及其生态风险引起了广泛关注。为获取典型抗癌药5氟尿嘧啶的基础生态毒性数据,以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)和羊角月芽藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)为受试生物,考察了5氟尿嘧啶对2种绿藻的生长和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,5氟尿嘧啶对蛋白核小球藻和羊角月芽藻的生长具有抑制作用,随着暴露浓度升高,细胞生长抑制率增强。5氟尿嘧啶对2种绿藻的96 h半数抑制浓度(EC50)分别为450.36 mg·L~(-1)和692.30 mg·L~(-1),属于低毒性物质。暴露96 h后,低浓度5氟尿嘧啶(32 mg·L~(-1))对蛋白核小球藻和羊角月芽藻叶绿素含量有一定的促进作用,高浓度5氟尿嘧啶(32~500 mg·L~(-1))则抑制了2种绿藻的叶绿素含量,且两者具有明显的负相关关系。和叶绿素b相比,叶绿素a对5氟尿嘧啶胁迫更为敏感。     

中空纤维膜萃取-液相色谱法测定印染废水中芳香胺

建立了一种中空纤维膜液相微萃取的样品前处理技术,结合液相色谱法测定印染废水中芳香胺,并且优化了萃取溶剂、供体相、接收相、搅拌速度、萃取时间等前处理条件.实验结果表明,以正辛醇为萃取溶剂,0.1 mol·L-1Na OH为供体相,0.1 mol·L-1HCl为接收相时,400 r·min-1作为搅拌速度,30 min萃取后的芳香胺富集倍数可达到101—193倍,萃取效率达20.2%—38.6%.结合液相色谱检测芳香胺的线性范围为0.01—0.25 mg·L-1,检出限为1.0—2.0μg·L-1,回收率为95.2%—105.2%.表明该方法可用于检测印染废水中的芳香胺类物质.     

Vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau in China

Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau were measured for the first time during a summertime aircraft campaign, 2013 in Shanxi, China. Data from four flights were analyzed. The vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties including aerosol scattering coefficients (σ_sc), absorption coefficients (σ_ab), Angström exponent (α), single scattering albedo (ω), backscattering ratio (β_sc), aerosol mass scattering proficiency (Q_sc) and aerosol surface scattering proficiency (Q_sc^′) were obtained. The mean statistical values of σ_sc were 77.45 Mm^− 1 (at 450 nm), 50.72 Mm^− 1 (at 550 nm), and 32.02 Mm^− 1 (at 700 nm). The mean value of σ_ab was 7.62 Mm^− 1 (at 550 nm). The mean values of α, β_sc and ω were 1.93, 0.15, and 0.91, respectively. Aerosol concentration decreased with altitude. Most effective diameters (ED) of aerosols were less than 0.8 μm. The vertical profiles of σ_sc,, α, β_sc, Q_sc and Q_sc^′ showed that the aerosol scattering properties at lower levels contributed the most to the total aerosol radiative forcing. Both α and β_sc had relatively large values, suggesting that most aerosols in the observational region were small particles. The mean values of σ_sc, α, β_sc, Q_sc, Q_sc^′, σ_ab and ω at different height ranges showed that most of the parameters decreased with altitude. The forty-eight hour backward trajectories of air masses during the observation days indicated that the majority of aerosols in the lower level contributed the most to the total aerosol loading, and most of these particles originated from local or regional pollution emissions.     

垃圾渗滤液一体化生化处理工艺研究

垃圾渗滤液水质十分复杂,不仅含有耗氧有机污染物,还含有各类金属离子和植物营养素(氨氮等),工业垃圾渗滤液中还会含有有毒有害的污染物;其中有难以生物降解的萘、菲等非氯化芳香组化合物、氯化芳香组化合物、磷酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、酚类化合物和苯胺类化合物等;垃圾渗滤液中含有十多种金属离子,其中的重金属离子会对微生物产生抑制作用;氨氮含量高,C/N比例失调,磷元素缺乏,给生物处理带来一定的难度.本文开发了UASB-GAIA-BAF一体化生化处理工艺,以节约成本,提高垃圾渗滤液中有机物去除率,加快反应速率为目的,对厌氧生物处理、高级氧化处理、固定化生物滤池组合工艺降解垃圾渗滤液进行了初步设计和工程应用.处理工艺具有工艺成熟、投资省、运行费用低、污泥产生量小的优点.     

苏州市主要工业污染物排放强度研究

污染物排放强度反映单位新创造经济价值的环境负荷大小.运用均方差赋权法对苏州市各地区的工业废水量、工业化学需氧量、工业氨氮、工业二氧化硫、工业氮氧化物、工业烟(粉)尘等6种主要污染物排放强度进行评价,结果表明,六种主要污染物排放强度综合评价的全市平均水平为15.08.然后分别计算各地区的污染物排放强度降低潜力,结果表明,主要污染物排放强度减排潜力存在区域间差异.最后提出促进污染物排放强度降低的一些建议.     

Assessment of Bisphenol A (BPA) neurotoxicity in vitro with mouse embryonic stem cells

The adverse effects of environmental pollution on our well-being have been intensively studied with many in vitro and in vivo systems. In our group, we focus on stem cell toxicology due to the multitude of embryonic stem cell (ESC) properties which can be exerted in toxicity assays. In fact, ESCs can differentiate in culture to mimic embryonic development in vivo, or specifically to virtually any kind of somatic cells. Here, we used the toxicant Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical known as a hazard to infants and children, and showed that our stem cell toxicology system was able to efficiently recapitulate most of the toxic effects of BPA previously detected by in vitro system or animal tests. More precisely, we demonstrated that BPA affected the proper specification of germ layers during our in vitro mimicking of the embryonic development, as well as the establishment of neural ectoderm and neural progenitor cells.