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731.
732.
淤地坝坝地淤积与侵蚀性降雨的灰色关联分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水土流失是黄土高原地区重要的环境问题之一,淤地坝措施作为该区水土流失治理的重要工程措施之一发挥了巨大作用,但其淤积过程与水毁机理的研究较少.本文在全面调查黄土高原淤地坝的基础上,选取典型淤地坝,挖取剖面进行测量和分层取样,利用库容曲线和实测每个淤积层的淤积厚度求得每层淤积泥沙量,运用灰色关联分析法,系统地研究了侵蚀性降雨的4个指标(降雨侵蚀力R、降雨量P、最大30 min降雨强度,I30、平均降雨强度 I)与坝地泥沙淤积量之间的关联度.结果表明,降雨侵蚀力 R和坝地泥沙淤积量的发展趋势最为密切,呈幂函数关系;降雨量 P对淤积量的影响仅次于降雨侵蚀力,其关系呈指数型;最大30 min降雨强度,I30和平均降雨强度I对坝地泥沙淤积量的影响较小. 相似文献
733.
Yiming Yang Zhongren Nan Zhuanjun Zhao Zhaowei Wang Shengli Wang Xia Wang Wangqiang Jin Cuicui Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1368-1374
A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in cole (Brassica campestris L.)
and celery (Apium graveolens) grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted
oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3). However, marked change of Cd fractions was
observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 (exchangeable fraction), F2 and F3 increased
significantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3). The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited
by high concentrations. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration
accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the
two vegetables. The high bio-concentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cole and celery were observed, and Cd
had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil
have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the
Cd-polluted oasis soil. 相似文献
734.
We report on the effects of forest management practices of understory removal and N-fixing species (Cassia alata) addition on soil
CO2 fluxes in an Eucalyptus urophylla plantation (EUp), Acacia crassicarpa plantation (ACp), 10-species-mixed plantation (Tp), and
30-species-mixed plantation (THp) using the static chamber method in southern China. Four forest management treatments, including
(1) understory removal (UR); (2) C. alata addition (CA); (3) understory removal and replacement with C. alata (UR+CA); and (4)
control without any disturbances (CK), were applied in the above four forest plantations with three replications for each treatment.
The results showed that soil CO2 fluxes rates remained at a high level during the rainy season (from April to September), followed by
a rapid decrease after October reaching a minimum in February. Soil CO2 fluxes were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in EUp (132.6
mg/(m2·hr)) and ACp (139.8 mg/(m2·hr)) than in Tp (94.0 mg/(m2·hr)) and THp (102.9 mg/(m2·hr)). Soil CO2 fluxes in UR and CA
were significantly higher (P < 0.01) among the four treatments, with values of 105.7, 120.4, 133.6 and 112.2 mg/(m2·hr) for UR+CA,
UR, CA and CK, respectively. Soil CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.01), soil moisture (P < 0.01),
NO3?-N (P < 0.05), and litterfall (P < 0.01), indicating that all these factors might be important controlling variables for soil CO2
fluxes. This study sheds some light on our understanding of soil CO2 flux dynamics in forest plantations under various management
practices. 相似文献
735.
736.
我国绿色贸易转型战略取向分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
夏光 《环境与可持续发展》2011,36(3):9-12
"十二五"及今后时期,绿色贸易转型是我国实现绿色经济转型的重要优先领域,是缓解对外贸易发展资源环境压力,改善环境质量,促进"十二五"环保目标实现的重要途经。本文在反思传统贸易发展方式基础上,提出实现从"以环境输出为特征"到"以生态修复为使命"的绿色贸易转型,是我国未来贸易发展长期而艰巨的使命和任务;并在进一步梳理"十二五"绿色贸易政策空间基础上,揭示出"环境输出"向"生态修复"环境友好型贸易发展方式转变,成为绿色贸易转型的重要战略取向。 相似文献
737.
Tianxiang Xia Xuehua Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(2):236-242
Copper and zinc interaction on clearance from water and distribution in different tissues was investigated for the freshwater
mussel, Cristaria plicata, under laboratory conditions. Clearance rate of Cu or Zn from water was highly dependent on exposure concentration. Interaction
effect was most evident at 300 μg·L−1 Cu exposure and depressed the Zn clearance rate significantly (p<0.05). However, the presence of 100 μg·L−1 and 300 μg·L−1 Zn hardly affected the Cu clearance rate. The 300 μg·L−1 Cu presence enhanced Cu accumulation in each tissue most significantly (p<0.01), but caused Zn content to decrease in the gills by 62% (p<0.05), viscera by 49% (p<0.05) and foot by 31% (p<0.05), and increase in the mantle by 97% (p<0.05) and the muscles by 243% (p<0.05) for different Zn exposure treatments. The response of metal accumulation in various tissues of the test mussels indicated
that Zn transferred from the gills, viscera and foot to the mantle and muscles might be one of the important characteristics
of the Zn regulatory mechanism by leading to a narrow range of Zn concentration in the different tissues. 相似文献
738.
速分球生物滤柱是速分技术与曝气生物滤池技术的结合。具有污泥消化和无需反冲洗等优点。实验采用速分球生物滤柱实验装置,以低C/N比生活污水为处理对象,考查了单污泥前置反硝化A2/O系统的脱氮除磷特性。实验结果表明,在平均C/N比为1.6,内回流比R为100%的条件下,平均进水COD、氨氮、TP分别为440.7、274.0和13.6 mg/L,平均去除率分别为77.0%、19.2%和42.4%。系统对氨氮的去除率较低,对总磷的去除率要明显高于对氨氮的去除率。结论得出,系统脱氮除磷的效果不理想。 相似文献
739.
740.