Effect of inorganic carbonate and organic matter in thermal treatment of mercury-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Thermal treatment of mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil was studied to investigate the desorption behavior of Hg at different temperatures. The soil...     

快速城镇化地域生态承载力评价模型构建与分析

综合客观地评价城镇区域生态承载状况是中国快速城镇化进程中经济与环境协调发展的保障。传统生态承载力测度法仍偏向于将区域作为封闭系统来研究,但现实中区域生态系统是和外界相沟通的,区域对承栽力的需求可外部化。为综合测度城镇生态承栽力,以生态经济学理论为依据,结合快速城镇化地域特点,构建了快速城镇化地域生态承载力评价模型,并以义乌市为例,对2005年-2007年的生态承载力状况进行了评价与分析。评价结果表明,义乌2005年-2007年的生态承载力值均大于1,以东莞市和惠州市两个典型城镇的生态承载力值为参比值,与其相比较后说明义鸟的生态承载力状况良好;但逐渐以过高的生态成本来换取经济增长,生态承载力值逐年降低,生态承载力状况逐年变差。评价结果较准确地反映了区域的实际情况,所提出的评价方法能较准确客观地评价快速城镇化地域的生态承栽力状况。     

基于模糊聚类分析的矿业城市地表水环境质量评价

文章介绍了模糊聚类分析法,并运用此方法对位于阜新境内的辽河支流——柳河、绕阳河和养息牧河的地表水环境监测断面进行了聚类分析。在9个监测断面中,受污染最严重的断面位于养息牧河下游方向,此断面中,氨氮、高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量的污染指数均严重超标。研究结果表明,辽河流域阜新段地表水水质己受到严重污染,不可以作为饮用水源地水源。聚类分析结果与实际污染情况相吻合,能客观地反映多因子共同作用下的地表水环境质量状况,这为制定辽河水环境治理方案和宏观决策提供了必要的科学依据。     

Settling and dewatering characteristics of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria

We evaluated the settling ability and dewaterability of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria (GMOB) after granulation using a continuous-flow reactor. A comparative analysis on settling and dewatering characteristics due to changes in sludge retention time (SRT, 10, 15 and 20 days) during cultivation of GMOB was conducted. In assessing dewaterability, the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of activated sludge and GMOB was found to be 8.21×1013-2.38×1014 and 4.88 × 1012-1.98×1013 m/kg, respectively. It was confirmed that as SRT decreased, SRF of GMOB increased. In the case of bound extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), activated sludge registered 147.5 mg/g-VSS while GMOB exhibited 171-177.2 mg/g-VSS. In the case of extracellular polymeric substance soluble EPS in effluent, activated sludge measured 62 mg/L and GMOB had 17.4-21.4 mg/L. The particle size analysis showed that mean particle diameters of GMOB were 402, 369, and 350 μm, respectively, at SRTs of 20, 15 and 10 days. In addition, it was found that GMOB had a larger mean particle diameter and exhibited much better settleability and dewaterability than activated sludge did.     

珠江三角洲地区铺装道路扬尘排放因子与排放清单研究

对珠江三角洲地区不同等级道路共采集了65个道路扬尘样品,并调研了道路的车流量、车辆构成和道路长度等有关活动水平数据,采用美国环保署推荐的AP-42方法估算了该地区不同等级道路扬尘排放因子和排放量,并分析了道路扬尘排放的时空特征与不确定性范围.结果表明:高速公路、一级、二级、三级和四级道路尘负荷分别为1.05 g·m^-2、0.99 g·m^-2、1.30 g·m^-2、1.35 g·m^-2和1.45 g·m^-2;不同等级道路扬尘总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particulate,TSP)、PM₁₀和PM_2.5的平均排放因子分别为8.32 g·VKT^-1 (Grams per Vehicle Kilometer Traveled)、1.60 g·VKT^-1和0.39 g·VKT^-1,对应的排放量分别为2755.1×10³ t、528.8×10³ t和127.9×10³ t,其定量不确定性范围分别为-91.7%~175.1%、-91.6%~178.9%及-91.5%~176.5%.     

Economic and health benefits of the co-reduction of air pollutants and greenhouse gases

This study examines the monetary value of social costs—private costs and negative externalities—that could be avoided by energy conservation actions. A novel Air Resource Co-Benefits (ARCoB) model has been developed in this study to assess the comprehensive social benefits of greenhouse gas GHG mitigation policy. The rollback model is used to estimate changes in air pollutant concentrations attributed to the emission reductions. Change in ozone concentration is converted from non-methane hydrocarbons based on the maximum ozone increment reactivity. In addition to saved medical expenditure, years of potential life lost (YPLL) is estimated based on the exposure-response coefficients for mortality and is calculated with abridged life table. Two cases of energy efficiency improvement in different scales are analyzed to estimate the annual co-benefits of abatements of air pollutants and greenhouse gas in 2009: 1) the energy intensity reduction in the industrial sector and 2) energy saving at Taipei Taiwan City Hall. Results indicate the saved energy cost accounted for 66 % and 70 % in the first and second case, respectively, and was a major part of the total benefit from energy conservation. The saved air pollution fee was 7.8–8.5 times lower than the averted health cost of medical expenditure, which was US$10.34 million in the first case, in which there were also averted YPLL of 3,478 person-years or averted deaths of 311 persons per year.     

上海市农村富营养化河道生态修复工程研究

用食藻虫引导沉水植物生态修复工程技术对上海市临港新城果园镇里塘河道富营养化水体进行了工程治理和生态修复,辅以种植沉水植物,采取开放式生态修复和治理。每月水质跟踪检测结果表明:该工程治理方法具有显著生态修复效果,水质得到明显改善;COD_Mn、TN、TP在最低平均值时分别比生态修复前下降了60.67%、85.36%、88.74%;氨氮、亚硝态氮和叶绿素a在生态修复中的最低平均值分别为0.088 mg/L、0.024 mg/L和5.31 mg/m³;试验期间,修复区水体TN、TP、NO₂-N、NH₄-N和COD_Mn显著低于对照区,水体透明度（SD）平均为150～180 cm,水质达到国家Ⅱ～Ⅲ类地表水水质标准。     

Enhanced biodegradation of chlorobenzene via combined Fe3+ and Zn2+ based on rhamnolipid solubilisation

Biotrickling filters (BTFs) for hydrophobic chlorobenzene (CB) purification are limited by mass transfer and biodegradation. The CB mass transfer rate could be improved by 150 mg/L rhamnolipids. This study evaluated the combined use of Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ to enhance biodegradation in a BTF over 35 day. The effects of these trace elements were analysed under different inlet concentrations (250, 600, 900, and 1200 mg/L) and empty bed residence times (EBRTs; 60, 45, and 32 sec). Batch experiments showed that the promoting effects of Fe³⁺/Zn²⁺ on microbial growth and metabolism were highest for 3 mg/L Fe³⁺ and 2 mg/L Zn²⁺, followed by 2 mg/L Zn²⁺, and lowest at 3 mg/L Fe³⁺. Compared to BTF in the absence of Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺, the average CB elimination capacity and removal efficiency in the presence of Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ increased from 61.54 to 65.79 g/(m³?hr) and from 80.93% to 89.37%, respectively, at an EBRT of 60 sec. The average removal efficiency at EBRTs of 60, 45, and 32 sec increased by 2.89%, 5.63%, and 11.61%, respectively. The chemical composition (proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS)) and functional groups of the biofilm were analysed at 60, 81, and 95 day. Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ significantly enhanced PN and PS secretion, which may have promoted CB adsorption and biodegradation. High-throughput sequencing revealed the promoting effect of Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ on bacterial populations. The combination of Fe³⁺ and Zn²⁺ with rhamnolipids was an efficient method for improving CB biodegradation in BTFs.     

Aerosol Composition Change due to Dust Storm: Measurements between 1992 and 1999 at Gosan,Korea

Aerosol composition change between dust storm and non duststorm periods is studied using the TSP (Total SuspendedParticulate) data measured at Gosan, Korea between 1992 and1999. The concentrations of elements measured between 1993and 1996 and those of ions between 1992 and 1999 duringdust storms are compared with those during non-dust stormperiods in spring (March, April, and May). Among theanalyzed ions, the concentrations of crustal species(potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride) andanthropogenic species (nitrate and non-sea salt (nss)-sulfate) increased when dust storm occurs while those ofammonium and sodium did not increase. Among the analyzedelements, the concentrations of crustal species (Fe, Al,Ca, Ti, and Zn) increased when dust storm occurs whilethose of anthropogenic species (Mn, V, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Cr)did not increase. The only anthropogenic element of whichconcentration increased during dust storm periods was Pb.It was found that the concentrations of nitrate and nss-sulfatewere highest during spring. Also, the ratio of theyearly average concentrations of nitrate to nss-sulfateincreases, probably due to the emission trend change innortheast Asia, especially, in China.