原油汽车罐车油罐爆炸事故原因分析及预防

以原油汽车罐车油罐爆炸事故为背景,通过分析这起事故的成因,提供了调查此起油罐爆炸的思路,并提出预防措施和对策.     

城市噪声污染管理中的GIS应用研究

噪声污染是城市环境问题四大公害之一,目前它已经成为制约城市人居环境质量提高的重要因素。噪声危害的严峻性和噪声问题的复杂性对环境噪声管理及研究提出了更高的要求。本文在阐述城市噪声污染管理的基础上,研究地理信息系统在噪声源信息描述、数据管理、噪声预测与评价以及基于GIS的噪声地图。通过地理信息系统描述,方便地表示和查询城市各噪声源的地理位置;通过建立噪声预测模型,绘制噪声等值线,提高城市噪声的管理水平和科学性;GIS与噪声地图相结合有利于从多个方面促进环境噪声的控制和消减。     

安徽及邻区震源深度分布特征研究

本文利用安徽及邻区（29°～35°N,114°～120°E）1976年1月—2009年7月重新定位后的地震目录,统计分析了不同空间范围内的震源深度分布特征,结果表明：安徽及邻区平均震源深度8 km,优势深度分布为5～15 km,其中霍山地区震源深度优势分布为3～8 km。中小地震震源深度在空间分布是不均匀的,安徽中西部...     

微氧+人工湿地组合工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

通过微氧+人工湿地组合工艺对生活污水处理效果的研究,认为该工艺是比较适合农村生活污水处理应用的工艺组合。微氧预处理对COD的平均去除率在30%以上,人工湿地水力负荷为0.2 m3/(m2.d),对COD的平均去除率在60%以上,对NH3-N的平均去除率在30%～40%,该工艺组合的运行费用为0.15～0.20元/t(污水自流进入系统情况下)。     

基于噪声指数的首都经济贸易大学校园声环境评价

文章在对首都经济贸易大学校园进行声功能区环境噪声监测的基础上,分析和计算了各区域测点噪声超标值(ΔLAeq)、噪声指数(LKZ)和噪声污染指数(PN);从强度和影响人群人数两个角度评价校园声环境质量。结果表明,首都经济贸易大学校园声环境质量处于较差的水平,噪声强度超标率达到82%;据此,课题对校园噪声污染现状进行了影响分析和声环境质量的等级评定,最后针对污染现状提出了相关措施和建议。     

西安生活垃圾排放量影响因素分析及灰色预测研究

城市生活垃圾的产生量是城市环境卫生事业规划和建设的重要依据,本文运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了影响西安市生活垃圾产生量的因素,并通过建立灰色预测模型,对西安市未来几年的生活垃圾产生量进行了预测,为西安市的城市规划提供了定量的参考依据。     

BP神经网络与Sugeno模糊积分融合 的转子系统故障诊断

目的针对BP神经网络对转子故障诊断方法存在的局限性,提出一种融合Sugeno模糊积分和BP神经网络的转子故障轴心轨迹识别诊断方法。方法首先利用轴心轨迹图像的不变矩为特征向量,提取常见旋转机械转子故障特征,随后利用多个BP神经网络对故障类型进行识别,最终采用Sugeno模糊积分对BP神经网络识别结果进行决策,从而构建转子故障诊断模型,并应用于转子系统故障的诊断。结果通过机械故障仿真模拟实验平台采集了6种常见转子系统故障信号,利用matlab2012a软件编程建模仿真处理,试验表明,该模型有效地提高了转子系统多类别故障的识别正确率。同时,该方法对同一故障类型识别所需样本少,大大节省了数据获取和处理的时间。结论该方法提出并用于转子系统故障诊断中,诊断准确性高,可靠性强,利用样本数据量少,节约时间,对小样本数据的故障诊断有着良好的效果。     

Alkaline phosphatase activity in the phosphorus-limited southern Chinese coastal waters

Three fractions of alkaline phosphatase activity(APA), including phytoplankton APA(phyto-APA), bacterial APA(bact-APA), and free-APA, were examined in the sea surface microlayer(SML) and the subsurface water(SSW) from Daya Bay, Guishan Island, and Guanghai Bay of southern China. Relationships between APA and environmental parameters were analyzed. The growth of phytoplankton was significantly limited by dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) in the three sea areas, especially in Daya Bay. TotalAPA ranged between 1.41 and 35.26 nmol/L/hr, and the highest value was found in Daya Bay. The increased APA in Daya Bay was the result of the increase of phytoplankton biomass and the response of phytoplankton to P limitation. Phyto-APA was the main contributor in Daya Bay, while phyto-and free-APA co-dominated in Guishan Island and Guanghai Bay. Bact-, phyto-, and total-APA showed a significant inverse power function relationship with DIP, and 0.2 μmol/L was the threshold for DIP on particulates and totalAPA. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that DIP limitation together with high N levels enhanced APA. High water temperature and freshwater input accelerated APA as well.Principal component analysis clearly separated samples from the three sea areas, as well as from the SML and the SSW, which indicated the differences in environmental parameters and APA levels. Our results highlight the influence of phosphorus limitation and environmental parameters on APA.     

Ecological and health risks of DDTs and HCHs in surface water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River

Based on the available toxicity data and the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in surface water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River, overlapping areas of probability density and margin of safety (MOS₁₀) were used to estimate the risk levels of DDTs and HCHs to aquatic organisms. The overlapping areas of α-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT were found to be 9.3 × 10^?5, 4.6 × 10^?3, 4.3 × 10^?2, 2.2 × 10^?2, and 4.2 × 10^?2, respectively. The risks from DDTs were higher than those from HCHs, the risk from α-HCH being the smallest. The MOS₁₀ values of α-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT were 2.6 × 10³, 97, 5.9, 15, and 8.6, respectively, i.e. greater than 1.0, indicating limited overlaps between the distributions of exposure concentrations and of toxicity data, and thus minimal ecological risk. Health risk calculations based on incremental lifetime risks for HCHs and DDTs were conducted to evaluate human cancer risk and non-carcinogenic hazard. The total cancer risks from organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the studied area were in the range of 10^?8–10^?7, lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk (10^?6). Non-carcinogenic hazard indices of OCPs ranging from 10^?6 to 10^?5 were much lower than the threshold values (1.0). These results suggest that the water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River does not pose any health risk for local residents using river water as a source for drinking water.     

秦皇岛近岸海域环境综合整治效果及防治对策

近年来,秦皇岛市通过实施关停非法排污企业、区域限批、治理农业面源等一系列环境综合整治措施,近岸海域水质明显改善。针对秦皇岛近岸海域污染的主要原因(陆源工业废水、生活污水、畜禽养殖业废水、粪便的排放和种植业农药化肥不合理使用造成氮、磷等营养物质流失等),从调整产业结构、控制陆源污染排放和完善执法机制等方面,提出了进一步治理的综合防治对策。