Interpolating SRTM Elevation Data to Higher Resolution to Improve Hydrologic Analysis

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been a valuable resource for hydrological analysis, providing elevation data at a consistent resolution on a near‐global scale. However, its resolution (three arc‐second or 90 m) is sometimes too low to obtain the desired level of accuracy and precision for hydrologic analysis. We evaluated the performance of several methods for interpolating SRTM three arc‐second data to a 30‐m resolution grid to better represent topography and derive terrain characteristics of the landscape. STRM data were interpolated to 30‐m DEMs on a common grid using spline, inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging (KR), natural neighbor methods, and cubic convolution (CC) resampling. Accuracy of the methods was assessed by comparing interpolated and resampled 30‐m grids with the reference data. Slope, aspect, sinks, and stream networks were derived for the 30‐m grids and compared on a cell‐by‐cell basis to evaluate their performance in reproducing the derivatives. The comparisons identify spline and KR as the most accurate interpolation methods, of which spline is preferred because of its relative simplicity. IDW provided the greatest bias in all methods with artifacts evident in slope and aspect maps. The performance of CC projection directly to a 30‐m resolution was comparable to spline interpolation, thus is recommended as the most convenient method for interpolating SRTM to a higher resolution.     

基于M-CM的建筑施工企业现场安全管理成熟度评价

为了有效提高建筑施工企业现场安全管理的效率,使企业能够明确自身现场安全管理的状况,保证安全管理的有序进行,借鉴项目管理成熟度模型(K-PMMM)和软件成熟度模型(CMM),构建建筑施工企业现场安全管理成熟度评价指标体系。考虑指标之间的关联性和评价过程的模糊性、随机性,同时使调查问卷统计数据的信息量得到充分表达,分别运用测量模型确定评价指标的权重和云模型进行成熟度评价,构建基于测量-云模型(M-CM)的建筑施工企业现场安全管理成熟度评价模型,并利用MATLAB进行仿真分析。将模型应用到实际建筑工程项目中,结果表明,该工程项目的成熟度等级为可管理级,评价结果与现场实际情况相吻合。     

饮用水源地水质评价的变权欧式距离模型的建立及应用

通过改进加权欧式距离模型,建立变权欧式距离模型,以体现相同水质评价因子在不同饮用水源评价单元中的客观各异性.采用污染贡献率确定评价因子在各评价单元中的权重.结合规范化数据建立符合各评价单元自身特点的评价距离尺度准则,对饮用水源地的水质进行评价.结果表明,与综合指数法比较,变权欧式距离模型的分割灵敏性较高、评价效果良好.本研究提供了一种符合饮用水质特点的科学评价方法.     

注册安全工程师行业监管模式研究

为使注册安全工程师行业在初始阶段就纳入科学的管理,通过对注册安全工程师行业监管模式的探讨,在分析注册安全工程师执业资格制度基本特点及注册安全工程师执业定位的基础上,参照国外的发达国家和我国目前注册安全工程师发展现状,提出了3种监管模式,即政府监管模式、行业自律监管模式和政府监管与行业自律结合的监管模式。并且通过运用建立数学模型的方法和规律性分析,比较了3种不同的注册安全工程师行业监管模式效力的异同和利弊,最终得出应采用政府监管与自律监管结合模式的结论。并对完善和规范注册安全工程师执业资格制度方面进行了探讨。     

注册安全工程师行业混合监管模式探讨

注册安全工程师执业资格制度是在市场经济条件下,加强企业安全与卫生工作的一项重要管理制度。我国注册安全工程师制度刚刚兴起,一个高效的行业监管模式尚未建立起来,因此有必要对这一新兴行业的监管开展先行研究。目前,国际上通行的注册安全工程师行业监管模式主要有行业自律和政府监管两种,并呈现出逐步向独立监管方向发展的趋势。不同监管模式具有不同的优缺点和不同的适应条件,中国注册安全工程师行业的监管既应借鉴国际先进经验,又必须着眼于中国的实际情况,分别从短期、中期和长期的综合监管绩效考虑,采纳混合监管模式不失为一种现实可行的抉择。     

LNG加气站槽车卸车直供过程泄漏后果分析

为研究LNG加气站槽车直接供液过程泄漏后果严重程度,采用HAZOP辨识槽车供液和储罐供液典型泄漏场景,基于PHAST分析不同泄漏场景下LNG液池半径、蒸汽云扩散距离及积聚时长、爆炸超压和池火热辐射影响范围,定量评价槽车供液可能造成的事故后果扩大程度.结果表明:槽车供液泄漏事故的LNG液池最大半径、蒸汽云最大扩散距离、爆...     

武汉城市圈资源集聚能力的空间关联研究

提升武汉城市圈各城市间资源集聚能力的空间关联程度,对于实现该区域的协调发展具有重要意义。基于此,运用修正的引力模型,采用社会网络分析法对1995～2015年武汉城市圈资源集聚能力的空间关联进行分析。研究表明:(1)武汉城市圈资源集聚能力的空间关联特征显著,网络密度呈现倒"U"型,网络等级逐年下降,网络效率呈现"U"型;(2)武汉城市圈资源集聚能力在网络中呈现"中心-边缘"的特征,武汉市的点度中心度最高,在网络中属于中心城市,而其它城市属于边缘城市;(3)板块一(武汉、孝感、天门)属于"双向溢出"板块,板块二(潜江、咸宁)属于"净受益"板块,板块三(仙桃、黄冈)属于"净溢出"板块,板块四(黄石、鄂州)属于"经纪人"板块。鉴于此,从多途径构建资源集聚能力空间关联"通道"、增强中心城市辐射带动功能和推动城市分工协作等3个方面提出了提升武汉城市圈资源集聚能力空间关联程度的政策建议。     

Mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenic risk assessment of indoor dust from three major cities around the Pearl River Delta

The mutagenicity and genotoxicity of workplace dust including commercial office, secondary school, shopping mall, hospital, electronics factory and manufacturing plant in Hong Kong and settled house dust from Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou were measured. Results indicated that indoor dust contained both frameshift and base pair substitution mutagens. Dust from manufacturing plant showed highest mutagenic potency on TA98±S9 and TA100±S9 activation, whereas, electronics factory showed highest genotoxicity with and without S9 activation. TA100 (-S9) mutagenic potency was significantly correlated with genotoxicity expressed as SOSIP (-S9) of workplace dust (r(2)=0.37, p<0.01). The total PAHs concentration of settled house dust from PRD ranged from 1.63 to 29.2μg/g. Linear regression analyses indicated that the PAHs likely accounted for about 45% of the TA98 with S9 mutagenic activity of workplace dust. TA98 (-S9) mutagenicity (r(2)=0.27, p<0.05) and SOSIP (-S9) of house dust (r(2)=0.41, p<0.01) were both significantly correlated with the number of inhabitants in the house. To achieve a more accurate cancer risk assessment, the oral bioaccessibility of B(a)A, Chry, B(b+k)F, B(a)P, D(ah)A and I(cd)P in different dust ranging from 1.3% to 17% was taken into account. Risk assessments indicated that about 26% of house dust samples resulted in unacceptable cancer risk (>1×10(-6)) for preschool children.     

可持续发展问题的技术根源与创新抉择

资源与环境退化产生的根源主要是由于经济活动中技术手段不合理的运用造成的,而可持续发展问题的解决又必须依靠技术创新来实现,所以,我们在实现可持续发展目标的过程中必须要对技术创新的作用进行重新反思,要充分认识技术创新的两面性,并通过寻求新的思路对传统技术创新体系加以调整和转换,使之能够成为推动经济、社会和自然复合系统协调、持续发展的结合点。     

Comparative Analysis of Viral Concentration Methods for Detecting the HAV Genome Using Real-Time RT-PCR Amplification

Hepatitis A is a major infectious disease epidemiologically associated with foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Molecular detection using real-time RT-PCR to detect the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in contaminated vegetables can be hindered by low-virus recoveries during the concentration process and by natural PCR inhibitors in vegetables. This study evaluated three virus concentration methods from vegetables: polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration (UF), and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). UF was the most efficient concentration method, while PEG and IMS were very low for the recovery rate of HAV. These results demonstrate that UF is the most appropriate method for recovering HAV from contaminated vegetables and that this method combined with the real-time RT-PCR assay may be suitable for routine laboratory use.