污水处理厂达标外排水对受纳水体影响的研究

文章通过模拟实验发现污水处理厂达标外排水对受纳水体具有明显的生态效应。实验结果表明,水中有机物与叶绿素都随接纳水量而增加,COD除3#比对照低32％外,2、4和5#中COD分别比对照高93％、46％和46％;叶绿素除3群比对照低51．7％外,2、4和5#中叶绿素分别比对照高129．9％、106．5％和81．8％。总氮随接纳水量的增加而显著增加,而水中总磷与接纳废水量的关系并不显著。根据Redfield比值。判断,对照体系1#中氮磷相对平衡,而接纳水量最少的2#系统N起限制作用,随着接纳水量的进一步增加,磷则成为主要的限制性因素。同时,外排水对受纳水体溶解性无机盐的积累贡献明显,2#～5#体系在45d内TSS的相对积累率分别达到153．9％、118．3％、243．3％和312．6％。外排水对受纳水体底泥有机质含量的影响也十分显著,2#-5撑体系底泥中的有机物比对照体系都显著降低,分解速率平均提高3倍。这说明接纳水中的有机物并没有引起水体中有机物的沉降与积聚,反而促进了底泥中有机物的矿质化过程。     

Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g⁻¹) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L⁻¹. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo° ( − 0.8–4.58 kJ·mol⁻¹), ΔH° (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol⁻¹), and ΔS° (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr (III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (E _a = −7 kJ·mol⁻¹) and the intraparticle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled.     

同流环境多圆孔热废水排放数值模拟

各种热电、核电厂排出的热污(废)水在直接进入环境流体之前,以多孔口浮射流的形式释放污水并确保污水在排污口快速混合非常重要。精确的了解和预测多孔浮射流的特性与混合状况有很重要的意义。针对同向流动环境中多圆形孔口热水排放的情况,采用雷诺应力模型进行数值模拟,得到了不同流速比和不同射流温度下的流场和温度场、浮射流的轨迹线、轴线上温度和速度的衰减规律,并且分析了不同孔间距、流速比和射流温度对流场中流速和温度的影响。     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.     

二级曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺在屠宰废水处理中的应用

屠宰废水有机物浓度和色度较高,水质和水量波动较大。采用连续流二级曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理东北某肉业集团公司屠宰加工废水,在进水COD浓度为3 000~3 200 mg/L,BOD5为1 000~1 200 mg/L,SS=1 000~1 200 mg/L的情况下,对系统的处理性能进行研究。结果表明,当气/水比为2:1时,二级BAF去除污染物效果最好,此时,系统对COD、BOD5、氨氮、TN和SS总的去除率分别为87.11%、87.78%、91.1%、51.0%和92.1%。BAF工艺表现出了较强的处理能力和抗冲击负荷能力,出水能够连续稳定地满足国家《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(GB13457-92)二级排放标准。     

断层形变异常强度在跨断层水准测量中的应用——以安徽及临近地区为例

对苏鲁皖地区布设的跨“郯庐断裂”定点短水准资料及“霍山窗”内流动水准资料进行整理。根据断层活动速率求解断层形变异常强度,基于其变化特征与本区中强地震的对比研究,发现在研究区域断层活动整体处于断层形变强度较低的背景下局部断层活动异常对地震预测有一定的指示意义,中强地震多发在异常强度加强的年份或者其后,可以视为中尺度时间的...     

Environmental dispersivity in free-water-surface-effect dominated wetland: multi-scale analysis

Distinct from the case with width-dominated shallow wetland flows, the longitudinal evolution of contaminant concentration in the most-typical pattern of wetland as dominated by free-water-surface-effect is characterized by a multi-scale analysis in the present study. An environmental dispersion model for the evolution of the mean concentration is deduced as an extension of Taylor’s classical formulation by Mei’s multi-scale analysis. Corresponding environmental dispersivity is found identical to that determined by the method of concentration moments.     

关于淮北市饮用水环境安全的思考

随着城市的发展和经济持续稳步的增长,淮北市不可避免地出现一系列的环境问题,其中以水污染问题最为突出。淮北市许多地表水均受到较严重的有机污染和无机污染,其中的有害成分可以渗入地下,污染地下水,而淮北市是安徽省唯一依赖地下水生存的城市,淮北市饮用水环境安全问题不容忽视。     

纸浆造纸废水与城市污水厂进水混合处理的试验研究

采用SBR工艺模拟污水厂活性污泥法处理纸浆造纸废水。试验结果表明,活性污泥法处理纸浆造纸废水效果良好,对NH3-N、TP、SS、COD以及BOD5的去除率分别达到99%,88%,99%,93%,97%。证明纸浆造纸废水与城市污水混合处理是可行的。     

重庆三峡库区生态经济区县域经济发展空间差异分析

经济发展可决定一个地区资源配置的空间分布和发展格局,探究经济发展空间差异及影响因素可为区域发展规划、发展政策制定提供重要参考。以重庆三峡库区生态经济区县域为评价单元,建立经济发展水平指标体系,运用主成分分析法,计算各县域的经济发展水平综合得分值,将其划分为最高、较高、中等、较低和最低5个等级,进而运用多元变量回归分析探究经济发展空间差异的显著影响因素。研究表明：该区经济发展水平具有明显的空间差异性,总体趋势为自西向东逐渐降低。地形、区位及交通3者是造成经济发展空间差异的主要影响因素,在远离重庆主城区、海拔高、坡度大的山区,交通通达性已成为制约县域经济发展的瓶颈因素。因而,要缩小经济发展差距,促进各县域协调发展,应首要解决交通问题