排序方式: 共有36条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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1,2,4-三氯苯对蚯蚓生长和表皮及肠道超微结构的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过自然土壤法对蚯蚓进行1,2,4-TCB急性暴露实验,研究了不同剂量的1,2,4-TCB对蚯蚓存亡、生长和表皮及肠道粘膜上皮细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明:1,2,4-TCB对蚯蚓14d半致死浓度为890.295mg·L-1;暴露剂量和培养时间均对蚯蚓生长抑制率产生正相关显著影响,但交互作用不显著;暴露于50mg·kg-11,2,4-TCB时,蚯蚓表皮分泌细胞增多,角质层增厚或上角质层损伤,肠道粘膜上皮细胞凹陷形成一定的溃疡面或呈撕裂分散状,第14天时,上角质层和肠道粘膜上皮细胞损伤均有所恢复;当暴露浓度为400mg·kg-1时,蚯蚓的角质层明显增厚,表皮出现大量的分泌细胞,肠上皮组织呈一定程度的撕裂并少量脱落,第14天时角质层变薄,分泌细胞减少,上角质层破损加剧,肠上皮细胞撕裂严重并持续脱落。第14天电镜观察显示:暴露浓度为50mg·kg-1时,肠上皮细胞线粒体嵴不清晰或断裂,结构模糊;暴露浓度为400mg·L-1时,部分线粒体空泡化或内部有絮状沉淀,嵴变短甚至消失。 相似文献
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我国消防员灭火救援中伤亡情况研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为分析我国消防员灭火救援中伤亡的原因,减少消防员伤亡事故的发生,统计了消防部队2005年~2013年共发生的70起消防员灭火救援中伤亡情况、伤亡原因,并对比美国消防员灭火救援中伤亡情况。结果表明,造成我国消防员灭火救援中伤亡的原因既有灭火救援危险性高的客观原因,也有消防员灭火救援经验缺乏、消防员防护装备配备不科学、安全保障技术应用不当等主观原因。要减少消防员灭火救援中伤亡事故的发生,应从提高消防员灾害事故现场风险评估能力、科学配备消防装备、提高消防员灭火救援专业能力和安全保障技术应用能力等方面加以改进。 相似文献
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The development of a bioluminescent sensor organism (Shk1) that was created for assessing wastewater toxicity was reported several years ago. In order to establish a test battery to better characterize wastewater toxicity, additional luminescent sensor organisms were later created. The present study focused on one promising candidate (PM6), a Pseudomonas spp. strain, because of its high level of luminescence compared to that of other newly created organisms. Using a batch toxicity testing protocol, the toxicity of 7 metals and 25 organic compounds was evaluated with the PM6 and Shk1 assays. Results indicated that the toxicity data of the PM6 and the Shk1 assays were correlated, and no assay appeared to be particularly more sensitive to a group of toxicants than the other assay. The results of the PM6 and Shk1 assays were further evaluated by comparing with the results of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition assay and activated sludge inhibition assays. Data suggested that PM6 and Shk1 more closely represented activated sludge organisms than V. fischeri. The suitability of using PM6 and Shk1 for assessing wastewater toxicity on activated sludge, both individually and in a test battery, was discussed. 相似文献
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Ren S 《Environment international》2004,30(8):1151-1164
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The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by C(2)H(5)OH was studied in excess oxygen over Ag/Al(2)O(3) catalysts with different Ag loadings at lab conditions. The 4% Ag/Al(2)O(3) has the highest activity for the C(2)H(5)OH-SCR of NOx with a drawback of simultaneously producing CO and unburned THC in effluent gases. An oxidation catalyst 10% Cu/Al(2)O(3) was directly placed after the Ag/Al(2)O(3) to remove CO and unburned THC. Washcoated honeycomb catalysts were prepared based on the 4% Ag/Al(2)O(3) and 10% Cu/Al(2)O(3) powders and tested for the C(2)H(5)OH-SCR of NOx on a diesel engine at the practical operating conditions. Compared with the Ag/Al(2)O(3) powder, the Ag/Al(2)O(3) washcoated honeycomb catalyst (SCR catalyst) has a similar activity for NOx reduction by C(2)H(5)OH and the drawback of increasing the CO and unburned THC emissions. Using the SCR+Oxi composite catalyst with the optimization of C(2)H(5)OH addition, the diesel engine completely meets EURO III emission standards. 相似文献
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Fujia Wu Jianxin Wang Wenmiao Chen Shijin Shuai 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(7):1481-1485
As an alternative and renewable fuel, biodiesel can effectively reduce diesel engine emissions, especially particulate matter and dry soot. However, the biodiesel effects on emissions may vary as the source fuel changes. In this paper, the performance of five methyl esters with different sources was studied: cottonseed methyl ester (CME), soybean methyl ester (SME), rapeseed methyl ester (RME), palm oil methyl ester (PME) and waste cooking oil methyl ester (WME). Total particulate matter (PM), dry soot (DS), non-soot fraction (NSF), nitrogen oxide (NOx), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated on a Cummins ISBe6 Euro III diesel engine and compared with a baseline diesel fuel. Results show that using different methyl esters results in large PM reductions ranging from 53% to 69%, which include the DS reduction ranging from 79% to 83%. Both oxygen content and viscosity could influence the DS emission. Higher oxygen content leads to less DS at high load while lower viscosity results in less DS at low load. NSF decreases consistently as cetane number increases except for PME. The cetane number could be responsible for the large NSF difference between different methyl esters. 相似文献
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To assess the toxic effects of phenanthrene on earthworms, we exposed Eisenia fetida to artificial soils supplemented with different concentrations (0.5, 2.5, 12.5, mgkg(-1) soil) of phenanthrene. The residual phenanthrene in the soil, the bioaccumulation of phenanthrene in earthworms, and the subsequent effects of phenanthrene on growth, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined. The degradation rate of low concentrations of phenanthrene was faster than it was for higher concentrations, and the degradation half-life was 7.3d (0.5 mgkg(-1)). Bioaccumulation of phenanthrene in the earthworms decreased the phenanthrene concentration in soils, and phenanthrene content in the earthworms significantly increased with increasing initial soil concentrations. Phenanthrene had a significant effect on E. fetida growth, and the 14-d LC(50) was calculated as 40.67 mgkg(-1). Statistical analysis of the growth inhibition rate showed that the concentration and duration of exposure had significant effects on growth inhibition (p<0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at the beginning (2 and 7d) and decreased in the end (14 and 28 d). Catalase (CAT) activity in all treatments was inhibited from 1 to 14 d of exposure. However, no significant perturbations in malondialdehyde (MDA) content were noted between control and phenanthrene-treated earthworms except after 2d of exposure. These results revealed that bioaccumulation of phenanthrene in E. fetida caused concentration-dependent, sub-lethal toxicity. Growth and superoxide dismutase activity can be regarded as sensitive parameters for evaluating the toxicity of phenanthrene to earthworms. 相似文献