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591.
Wilbur H. Campbell Pengfei Song Guillaume G. Barbier 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,4(2):69-73
Nitrate analysis in water is one of the most frequently applied methods in environmental chemistry. Current methods for nitrate are generally based on toxic substances. Here, we show that a viable alternative method is to use the enzyme nitrate reductase. The key to applying this Green Chemistry solution for nitrate analysis is plentiful, inexpensive, analytical grade enzyme. We demonstrate that recombinant Arabidopsis nitrate reductase, expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, is a highly effective catalyst for nitrate analysis at 37°C. Recombinant production of enzyme ensures consistent quality and provides means to meet the needs of environmental chemistry. 相似文献
592.
我国有机肥利用现状及合理利用的技术措施 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
宋秀杰 《生态与农村环境学报》1997,(2)
总结了我国目前主要的有机肥的种类、利用方法及利用现状。根据我国目前土地的肥力状况及肥源状况,提出了我国今后肥料体系中有机肥合理利用的技术措施。 相似文献
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海洋环境污染监测是海洋环境管理的“耳目”和“哨兵”.离开海洋环境污染监测.海洋环境管理将寸步难行。在过去15年中,中国海洋环境污染监测工作取得了长足的进步,集中表现在三个方面:一是形成了从国家海洋环境监测中心一海区监测中心-管区-监察站的四级海洋环境监测体系;组建了由国务院有关部委、沿海11个省(市)、自治区等有关部门100多个单位2500人参加的全国海洋环境污染监测网;每年获取各类海洋环境污染监测数据十万余个,提供了估计全国海洋环境形势的基础。二是海洋环境污染监测工作有中国的特色。组织上实行了优化布点、分级管理,初步形成了有特色的监测网络体系;技术上推行站点网络化、布点采样规范化、分析方法标准化、数据处理计算机化、质量保证工作系统化规范化,具有自己特色的技术路线正在形成;管理上逐渐走上科学管理的道路。三是为海洋环境管理服务的能力有了明显提高。该文概略地介绍了中国海洋环境污染监测工作的全貌,全面地总结了中国海洋环境15年来的十条宝贵经验,宏观地描述了未来中国海洋环境污染监测的发展方向。 相似文献
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试验对传统两段式生物反应器(TSBR)进行了改进,二段采用生物膜-膜生物反应器(BMBR);在一段HRT=SRT=2.82~4.23h,二段HRT=6.44~9.66h、SRT→∞,每日空曝气8h的运行条件下,对该工艺进行了试验研究。结果表明,系统稳定后,出水水质稳定,CODc、NH4^ -N和TP的去除效率分别为95%、80%和60%以上,膜污染得到了有效控制。 相似文献
599.
A new environmental chamber for evaluation of gas-phase chemical mechanisms and secondary aerosol formation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William P.L. Carter David R. Cocker III Dennis R. Fitz Irina L. Malkina Kurt Bumiller Claudia G. Sauer John T. Pisano Charles Bufalino Chen Song 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2005,39(40):7768-7788
A new state-of-the-art indoor environmental chamber facility for the study of atmospheric processes leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been constructed and characterized. The chamber is designed for atmospheric chemical mechanism evaluation at low reactant concentrations under well-controlled environmental conditions. It consists of two collapsible 90 m3 FEP Teflon film reactors on pressure-controlled moveable frameworks inside a temperature-controlled enclosure flushed with purified air. Solar radiation is simulated with either a 200 kW Argon arc lamp or multiple blacklamps. Results of initial characterization experiments, all carried out at 300–305 K under dry conditions, concerning NOx and formaldehyde offgasing, radical sources, particle loss rates, and background PM formation are described. Results of initial single organic–NOx and simplified ambient surrogate–NOx experiments to demonstrate the utility of the facility for mechanism evaluation under low NOx conditions are summarized and compared with the predictions of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism. Overall, the results of the initial characterization and evaluation indicate that this new environmental chamber can provide high quality mechanism evaluation data for experiments with NOx levels as low as 2 ppb, though the results indicate some problems with the gas-phase mechanism that need further study. Initial evaluation experiments for SOA formation, also carried out under dry conditions, indicate that the chamber can provide high quality secondary aerosol formation data at relatively low hydrocarbon concentrations. 相似文献
600.
Biofiltration pretreatment for reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in a water reclamation system 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Biofouling control is considered as a major challenge in operating membrane systems. A lab-scale RO system was setup at a local water reclamation plant to study the feasibility of using biofiltration as a pretreatment process to control the biofouling. The biological activity in the RO system (feed, product, reject streams) was tested using the standard serial dilution plating technique. Operational parameters such as differential pressure (DP) and permeate flowrate of the system were also monitored. Effects of biofilter on AOC and DOC removals were investigated. Biofiltration was found to be a viable way of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removals, with removal efficiencies of 40-49% and 35-45% at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 30 min. It was also found that using the biofiltration as a pretreatment reduced the rate of biofouling. It took only about 72 h for biofouling to have a significant impact on the performance of the RO membrane, when the system was operated without using biofiltration as pretreatment. There was, however, a five times increase in operational length to more than 300 h when biofiltration was used. This study presented the suitability of the biofilter as an economical and simple way of biofouling control for RO membrane. 相似文献