基于宏观贸易调整法的城市尺度生态足迹模型——以珠江三角洲城市群为例

针对生态足迹分析模型传统贸易调整方法在城市尺度中仅仅考虑国际贸易过程而没有涵盖国内贸易以及各类产品间接贸易所产生的贸易足迹的缺陷,论文分别提出修正贸易足迹核算的生物产品贸易调整系数和能源贸易调整系数,并在此基础上构建了基于宏观贸易调整方法的城市尺度生态足迹分析模型。基于宏观贸易调整方法的城市尺度生态足迹模型的实证研究,结果显示2005年珠江三角洲城市群的生态盈余计算结果呈现出明显的外围高盈余、内核高赤字的空间分布特征;而万元GDP生态足迹却表现出相反的分布格局。生物产品的贸易足迹的分析结果显然与各城市目前的生物资源产品方面的城市定位形式较为一致,而能源间接贸易足迹则真实地反映了珠江三角洲城市群整体现行的经济发展模式、产业结构乃至区域发展的特点。基于宏观贸易调整法的城市生态足迹模型可以更准确的评估城市尺度上生态承载力的真实状况。     

不同比例钾锌共存对土壤镉有效性的影响

单一施用钾或锌肥会改变污染土壤中镉的有效性,但钾与锌共存对镉在土壤-植物系统中迁移和转化影响效果尚待明确.采用盆栽试验,研究了赤红壤上2种镉污染水平下,施用不同比例钾、锌对小油菜(Brassica campetris Lvar.Conmuni)生物量、镉吸收量及土壤溶液中镉质量浓度的影响.结果表明,钾、锌以不同比例与镉共存时并不会对赤红壤上小油菜的生长产生明显影响;增加共存体系中锌的用量,土壤溶液中镉的质量浓度明显升高,而小油菜植株镉含量明显降低.低、高镉污染赤红壤上,钾、锌共存摩尔比例为4:1时,土壤溶液中镉的质量浓度较对照分别增加189%和159%(两季平均值);小油菜体内镉含量较对照平均分别降低26.0%和34.9%.在低镉污染赤红壤上,钾、锌施用量与小油菜体内镉含量呈显著负相关;高镉污染赤红壤上,锌施用量与土壤溶液中镉的质量浓度呈显著正相关.中轻度镉污染土壤上,小油菜钾、锌肥最佳施用比例为4:1.钾、锌以不同比例施入土壤时,锌施用量多少是控制土壤镉有效性高低的主要因素.     

太湖微囊藻毒素的时空分布特征

微囊藻毒素对水体危害严重,为了探究太湖中微囊藻毒素的变化规律及其主要环境影响因子,对太湖34个采样点进行了为期1 a(2011年11月—2012年10月)的监测与采样,分析了水体中ρ(MCs)(MCs为微囊藻毒素)〔包括ρ(TMC)(TMC为总藻毒素)、ρ(EMC)(EMC为胞外藻毒素)和ρ(IMC)(IMC为胞内藻毒素)〕,以及ρ(Chla)、蓝藻生物量、ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)、N/P〔ρ(TN)/ρ(TP)〕、pH、温度、透明度、电导率、ρ(DO)等水环境因子的变化特征,讨论了ρ(MCs)与各水环境因子之间的相关性. 结果表明:ρ(MCs)在太湖中呈现一定的规律性,在7—8月蓝藻爆发期,ρ(MCs)低于0.10 μg/L,之后逐渐升高,9月达到最高值(0.28 μg/L). 受地理位置和沉积环境等影响,太湖西北区MCs污染最严重,ρ(MCs)最大值为0.30 μg/L. 相关性分析结果表明,ρ(MCs)与ρ(Chla)、ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)、N/P显著相关,其中,ρ(MCs)与ρ(Chla)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);ρ(IMC)和ρ(TMC)均与蓝藻生物量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而ρ(EMC)与蓝藻生物量相关性不显著;ρ(IMC)和ρ(TMC)均与ρ(TN)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而ρ(EMC)与ρ(TN)呈显著负相关(P<0.05);ρ(MCs)与ρ(TP)呈显著正相关,而与N/P呈显著负相关(P<0.05).      

基于全生命周期管理的固体废物分类资源化利用研究

梳理我国固体废物资源化利用现状,剖析当前固体废物在处理机制、管理思路和方式、协同处置等方面问题,基于全生命周期理论、绿色循环及低碳发展思路和方法,开展固体废物分类资源化全生命周期优化管理,提出工业生产制造环节须开展绿色生态设计、推行清洁生产;流通消费环节须构建绿色供应链、倡导绿色消费生活方式;回收处置环节须探索新型商业模式、加大重点领域重点品种固体废物资源化科技创新。     

“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游多维生态位及竞合发展策略研究

构建湛江、茂名、阳江3市和谐的滨海旅游竞合关系是粤西滨海旅游协同一体化高质量发展的重要内涵与实现途径。基于2012—2017年“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游相关统计数据,构建了滨海旅游生态位测评指标体系,运用旅游生态位理论模型综合测评了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位宽度、扩充度和重叠度,深入分析了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游产业综合竞争力、竞争态势与竞争程度。结果发现:①“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位宽度呈现“水平低、均衡化”的结构特征,3市滨海旅游产业综合竞争力与影响力弱,旅游综合竞争力从大到小的排序依次为湛江、茂名、阳江。②“湛茂阳”3市滨海旅游综合生态位扩充态势不明显,扩充度水平整体呈现均质化特征,局部存在一定程度的分异。③“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位重叠度高,旅游竞争激烈,旅游协同合作发展水平与效应较低。最后,从区域滨海旅游生态位的协同、错位、扩充3个视角科学提出了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游竞合发展策略。     

性能化防火设计在综合商业广场中的应用

本文给出了一种性能化防火设计的典型思路,对性能化防火设计方法的主要内容和流程作了介绍,并结合某综合商业广场的工程实例,给出了该综合商业广场的防火系统设计方案.     

三峡库区上游沱江流域总磷浓度时空变化特性及影响因素分析

沱江是三峡水库上游重要的入库河流和主要的总磷(TP)来源,研究沱江流域TP时空变化特性及其成因对三峡水库TP入库污染物允许通过量达标和流域TP污染治理具有重要意义.利用2011—2018年沱江流域干支流20个国控和省控监测断面的水质数据和断面汇流区污染源数据,采用Pearson相关性分析法、单因素分析法和层次聚类分析法...     

从组分和性质角度谈污染地块中石油烃的人体健康风险评估

石油烃的人体健康风险评估是污染地块土壤污染风险评估过程中的最常见的问题之一,其远比单一污染物的评估复杂和困难.但我国缺乏针对性的评估方法,实际操作中存在较多误区.因此,对于石油烃概念、性质的归纳总结以及对其健康风险评估方法的研究和探索,具有重要的意义.本文介绍了石油烃的基本概念,分析了不同馏分性质间的关系,回顾并分析了其分析测试方法及人体健康风险评估方法的适用要求及优缺点,提出了指示剂法与分馏法相结合采用典型样品馏分占比进行总体评估的工作方法,进而针对我国当前面临的问题,提出了后续的研究和发展建议.     

Comparative analysis of impact of human occupancy on indoor microbiomes

• Exposure to indoor microbiomes is a public health concern in educational facilities. • Indoor microbiomes were characterized in two multifunctional university buildings. • Human occupancy had significant impact on the composition of indoor microbiomes. • The skin microbiota of occupants represented important sources of indoor microbiomes. Educational facilities serve as community hubs and consequently hotspots for exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is of critical importance to understand processes shaping the indoor microbiomes in educational facilities to protect public health by reducing potential exposure risks of students and the broader community. In this study, the indoor surface bacterial microbiomes were characterized in two multifunctional university buildings with contrasting levels of human occupancy, of which one was recently constructed with minimal human occupancy while the other had been in full operation for six years. Higher levels of human occupancy in the older building were shown to result in greater microbial abundance in the indoor environment and greater proportion of the indoor surface bacterial microbiomes contributed from human-associated microbiota, particularly the skin microbiota. It was further revealed that human-associated microbiota had greater influence on the indoor surface bacterial microbiomes in areas of high occupancy than areas of low occupancy. Consistent with minimal impact from human occupancy in a new construction, the indoor microbiomes in the new building exhibited significantly lower influence from human-associated microbiota than in the older building, with microbial taxa originating from soil and plants representing the dominant constituents of the indoor surface bacterial microbiomes. In contrast, microbial taxa in the older building with extensive human occupancy were represented by constituents of the human microbiota, likely from occupants. These findings provide insights into processes shaping the indoor microbiomes which will aid the development of effective strategies to control microbial exposure risks of occupants in educational facilities.     

Bacteriophages in water pollution control: Advantages and limitations

•Phages can be better indicators of enteric viruses than fecal indicator bacteria. •Multiple phages should be added to the microbial source tracking toolbox. •Engineered phage or phage cocktail can effectively target resistant bacteria. •In phage use, phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer cannot be ignored. •More schemes are needed to prevent phage concentration from decreasing. Wastewater is a breeding ground for many pathogens, which may pose a threat to human health through various water transmission pathways. Therefore, a simple and effective method is urgently required to monitor and treat wastewater. As bacterial viruses, bacteriophages (phages) are the most widely distributed and abundant organisms in the biosphere. Owing to their capacity to specifically infect bacterial hosts, they have recently been used as novel tools in water pollution control. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate the roles of phages in monitoring pathogens, tracking pollution sources, treating pathogenic bacteria, infecting bloom-forming cyanobacteria, and controlling bulking sludge and biofilm pollution in wastewater treatment systems. We also discuss the limitations of phage usage in water pollution control, including phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer, the evolution of bacterial resistance, and phage concentration decrease. This review provides an integrated outlook on the use of phages in water pollution control.