Fine particulate matter (PM2.5/PM1.0) in Beijing, China: Variations and chemical compositions as well as sources

Particulate matter (i.e., PM_1.0 and PM_2.5), considered as the key atmospheric pollutants, exerts negative effects on visibility, global climate, and human health by associated chemical compositions. However, our understanding of PM and its chemical compositions in Beijing under the current atmospheric environment is still not complete after witnessing marked alleviation during 2013–2017. Continuous measurements can be crucial for further air quality improvement by better characterizing PM pollution and chemical compositions in Beijing. Here, we conducted simultaneous measurements on PM in Beijing during 2018–2019. Results indicate that annual mean PM_1.0 and PM_2.5 concentrations were 35.49 ± 18.61 µg/m³ and 66.58 ± 60.17 µg/m³, showing a positive response to emission controls. The contribution of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) played an enhanced role with elevated PM loading and acted as the main contributors to pollution episodes. Discrepancies observed among chemical species between PM_1.0 and PM_2.5 in spring suggest that sand particles trend to accumulate in the range of 1–2.5 µm. Pollution episodes occurred accompanied with southerly clusters and high formation of SNA by heterogeneous reactions in summer and winter, respectively. Results from positive matrix factorization (PMF) combined with potential source contribution function (PSCF) models showed that potential areas were seasonal dependent, secondary and vehicular sources became much more important compared with previous studies in Beijing. Our study presented a continuous investigation on PM and sources origins in Beijing, which provides a better understanding for further emission control as well as a reference for other cities in developing countries.     

活性炭-微波辐照处理丁腈胶乳生产废水的研究

以活性炭-微波辐照工艺处理丁腈胶乳生产废水,考察了催化剂的种类及用量、废水初始浓度、废水初始pH值、微波辐照时间和微波功率等对废水COD去除率的影响.结果表明,采用3 g粉末活性炭处理100 mL COD浓度为3500 mg/L左右的丁腈胶乳废水,在微波辐照功率为200 W,辐照时间4 min的条件下,废水COD去除率最高可达96.6%.动力学研究表明,在最佳操作条件下的反应表观过程近似符合一级反应规律,动力学方程为In(C0/C)=0.6034t 0.9247(R=0.9926),反应速率常数k=0.6034 min-1,半衰期t1/2=1.15 min.     

面向核应急响应的S-BOX集成模型

核事故引发的应急任务往往需要集成多个部门应急资源和能力来协同响应。这些海量核应急信息、知识汇聚于网络,其固有异构性限制了跨部门核应急集成的能力。为解决此问题,基于语义X列表理论提出核应急集成框架;以“事件-任务-资源”为主线构建本体结构列表和集成推理规则;给出假定核事故场景和资源、任务信息,搭建S-BOX模型和响应决策推理实验,验证了本方法可有效表达异构核应急信息与知识,实现按需集成。     

Self-assembled BiVO4 mesocrystals for efficient photocatalytic decontamination of microcystin-LR

Environmental Chemistry Letters - There is a lack of efficient methods for removing microcystins produced by cyanobacterial blooms. Here, microsphere-like bismuth vanadate (BiVO4-60) mesocrystals...     

Current status of microplastics pollution in the aquatic environment,interaction with other pollutants,and effects on aquatic organisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics, as emerging pollutants, have received great attention in the past few decades due to its adverse effects on the environment....     

PPCPs and heavy metals from hydrothermal sewage sludge-derived biochar: migration in wheat and physiological response

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Once the sludge was directly used in the farmland, it will have a negative impact on human health through the food chain because sludge contains...     

防污漆中活性物质海洋环境风险评估关键技术探讨

防污漆中的活性物质对海洋生态环境和人类健康造成的潜在风险受到日益广泛的关注,一些发达国家已建立了针对活性物质海洋环境风险评估的技术体系,但我国相关研究目前尚属空白。综述了防污漆活性物质海洋环境风险评估的研究背景、相关法规、技术标准和发展现状,针对环境风险评估的2个重要组成部分(危害性评估和暴露评估)中的关键技术进行了探讨。在危害性评估中,重点分析和比较了受试生物物种的选择原则、生态毒理数据的要求以及预测无效应浓度的推导方法和应用范围;在暴露评估中,系统阐述了活性物质在水环境中释放速率的计算及修正方法、环境浓度的预测模型、现有的暴露场景及其局限性等。本文以期为我国开展防污漆活性物质海洋环境风险评估提供研究基础和科学依据,并提出了今后的研究重点和方向。     

Retrieving leaf area index for coniferous forest in Xingguo County, China with Landsat ETM+ images

Spatial distributions of the leaf area index (LAI) needed for carbon cycle modeling in Xingguo County, China were estimated based on correlations between the field-measurements and vegetation indices (VIs). After making geometric and atmospheric corrections to two Landsat ETM+ images, one in January 2000 and the other in May 2003, three VIs (SR, NDVI, and RSR) were derived, and their separate correlations with ground LAI measurements were established. The correlation with RSR was the highest among the three VIs. The retrieved LAI values for January 2000 were lower than those for May 2003 because of a small seasonal variation in the coniferous forests (predominantly masson pine) and the decrease in the understorey vegetation during winter.     

GC-MS法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机污染物

采用GC-MS联用技术对深圳市两个垃圾填埋场（A和B）渗滤液中的有机污染物进行分析。垃圾场A是简易生活垃圾填埋场,垃圾场B是生活垃圾焚烧底渣填埋场。垃圾场A渗滤液中COD、TOC、NH3-N、NO3^--N等污染指标的浓度比垃圾场B渗滤液高一个数量级。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中分别检测出主要有机物72种和57种,其中含有大量难降解有机物,如酚类、胺类、杂环类物质。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机物组分的相对含量不同,渗滤液A中酚类物质含量最高,渗滤液B中有机物多为长链烷烃。     

国际上可持续发展教育的历史进程

从布伦特兰《我们共同的未来》提出可持续发展概念至今近２０年,尤其是１９９２年世界环境与发展大会后,世界各国的公众、政府、科技和企业界的人士正在达成一种共识,即为了使后代也能享受与当代人同样的生活资源与生活质量,人类必须尽快形成一种可持续的生活方式。目前,尽管所有人都直接受到可持续发展问题的影响,尽管人们对可持续发展问题的认识不断增强,但大多数人对可持续发展问题及其重要性与相关性的了解程度却不高,参与可持续发展建设的能力也有限,这在很大程度上与可持续发展教育的深度和水平有关。国际上可持续发展教育的…